Brown v. Commonwealth

119 Ky. 670 | Ky. Ct. App. | 1901

Opinion op the court by

CHIEF JUSTICE PAYNTER

Affirming.

The appellant, Brown was indicted in the Bourbon circuit court for the crime of willfully and maliciously shooting Flora Bradley with intent to kill, etc. The shooting was charged to have been done on the 6th of December, 1900. It is also averred that on the 23d of March, 1893, he was convicted in the Bourbon circuit court of a felony, to-wit, forcibly breaking and entering into a railroad depot with intent to steal' property and things of value, the punishment for which was confinement in the penitentiary; that he was sentenced to two years’ confinement in the penitentiary on the charge. It was further averred in the indictment that on the 30th day of November, 1895, he was convicted in the Bourbon circuit court under the name of Vernon Brown, and was again convicted of a felony, to-wit, forcibly breaking and entering into a railroad depot with intent to steal property and things of value, the punishment for which was confinement in the penitentiary; that he was for that offense convicted, and sentenced to the penitentiary. The averments in the indictment, in addition to the charge of an offense for which' he was. put on trial, were with the view of increasing the penalty. They were based on section 1130, Kv. Stat., which reads as follows: “Every person convicted a second time of felony, the punishment of which is confinement in the penitentiary, shall be confined in the penitentiary not less than double the time of the first conviction; and if convicted a third time of felony, he shall be confined in the penitentiary during his life. Judgment in such cases shall not be given for the increased penalty, unless the jury -shall find, from the record and other competent evidence, the fact of former convictions for felony committed by the prisoner, in or out of this State.” The appellant asked for a reversal — First, because it was not averred in the indictment that the shooting of Flora Bradley occurred after the offense for which he had been previously convicted; second, that the court erred in not giving an instruction on the question of shooting in sudden heat and passion; third, because the court did not tell the jury to find the defendant not guilty as to former convictions, because it was not shown that upon the second conviction he was confined in the penitentiary not less than double the time of the first conviction. The indictment stated the dates of the previous' convictions, and also stated that the shooting took place on the 6th of December, 1900. This latter statement was equivalent to charging that the last offense was committed after the previous conviction. In Brown v. Com., 100 Ky., 127, 37 S. W., 496, it was held that the increased penalties for the second and third convictions can not be imposed for the offense committed prior to the former conviction or convictions. We are of the opinion that the averments of the indictment are sufficient under the rule announced in that case. The testimony in this case shows that the shooting was without provocation or the slightest excuse; that there had been no difficulty between the parties previous thereto, There was nothing said or done which in the remotest degree tended to arouse the passion of the defendant. If death had resulted, it would have been murder without a mitigating circumstance. In such case this court has adjudged that the defendant is not entitled to an instruction upon self-defense. If death had resulted, the defendant, on (he facts of this case, would not have been entitled to an instruction on self-defense. In order to reduce an offense of murder to manslaughter, something must transpire which would raise the question as to whether the killing was with malice aforethought, or in sudden heat and passion. When no facts are proven which tend to reduce the killing from murder to manslaughter, then the defendant is no more entitled to a manslaughter instruction than he would be to self-defense instruction in a case where none should be given. This court has frequently announced the rule that in Commonwealth cases the whole law of the case should be given, but that does not mean that instructions should be given when there are no facts proven upon which to base them. It means that all the law relative to the facts proven should be given.

It is wholly immaterial whether the defendant, on the second conviction, had his penalty increased by reason of his first conviction. The right of the Commonwealth to have him confined in the penitentiary for life, upon the third conviction, is not based upon the question a-s to the amount of penalty inflicted in his former convictions, but upon the-fact that he had been twice convicted of a felony. The lawmaking department of the government enacted the section of the statute under consideration for the purpose of confining for life in the penitentiary habitual criminals. It was supposed that where a party was convicted three times of felonies there could be no hope of reforming him; therefore, he should be confined for life in the penitentiary. The defendant seems to be an habitual criminal, and he must suffer the penalty imposed by law, which is confinement in the penitentiary during his life.

The judgment is affirmed.