139 Ind. 653 | Ind. | 1894
The appellants filed their complaint against the appellees, asking for partition of certain lands described.
On the overruling of a demurrer to the complaint, the appellees answered, averring that one "William Brown,
In a second paragraph of answer,, it is averred, in addition, that a controversy having arisen between said •decedent and his said children, the appellants, in regard to his final report as their guardian, the said William Brown and the appellants, except the appellant Sarah J. Spencer, met on July 12, 1892, for an adjustment of all differences, at which time the agreement was made that said decedent should convey to appellants said land and other property in full of all demands due, and also in full of all claims appellants or their heirs might have upon his estate at his death and final settlement of his estate, which property was accepted by them in like manner and the agreement reduced to writing, said agreement being afterwards accepted and signed by the remaining appellant, Sarah J. Spencer; that a deed was made and accepted for said land, and appellants have
Separate demurrers being overruled to each paragraph of the answer, the appellants replied, admitting the making of the agreement and deed mentioned, and that they received from their father the other property referred to. But they said that at the time of said agreement the said William Brown, who had been for many years their guardian, was indebted to appellants in a large sum for property, moneys, and rents, which had descended to them from their mother’s estate, and for which he had failed to account in his final report as guardian; that the larger part of the said consideration in land and other property received by them was in settlement of said guardianship indebtedness, and the residue only was received as an advancement on their interest in their said father’s estate; that they were, at the date of said agreement, July 12, 1892, and are still unable to state the exact amount due them from their mother’s estate so in the hands of their father as guardian, or to state how much of said consideration received by them should be charged as an advancement, but that in no event should more than two thousand dollars thereof be so charged; that at the time of said agreement their said father owned in his own right, free of all indebtedness or liabilities, real estate of the value of thirteen thousand dollars, and after conveying to appellants the lands mentioned in the answer, he continued to own up to his death, and died intestate seized of, the lands described in the complaint, of the value of nine thousand dollars, and personal property, also free from liabilities, of the value of three thousand dollars; that at the time of said agreement and deed, the appellee Sarah J. Brown, second wife of said William Brown, deceased, had a great dislike for appellants and a strong and undue influence over her said husband, and
To this reply a demurrer was sustained, and the appellants refusing to plead further, this appeal followed.
The written agreement mentioned' in the answer and reply is as follows:
“Whereas, differences have arisen between William Brown and his four children, Sarah' J. Spencer, George W. Brown, Harriett J. Plolbert, and Martha A. Holbert, concerning his guardianship while guardian of said children.
“Now, it is .agreed by and between said parties that said William Brown shall deed to said children eighty acres of land, to wit: The west half of the southwest quarter of section 12, in township 14, range 8, in Parke county, Indiana, at the sum of $4,000; and, in addition thereto, he is to pay to said children the sum of $733.35 in two years, with interest,'and is to turn over to said children the one-half of the rents of all crops on said eighty-acre tract (wheat and corn) of land, which deed and money and rents are to be taken by said children in full settlement of all claims and demands they may have
“Witness the hands and seals of the parties hereto, this 12th day of July, 1892.
“William Brown,
“George W. Brown,
“Martha A. Holbert,
“Harriet J. Holbert,
“Sarah J. Spencer.”
From the admitted facts, the land to be partitioned is worth nine thousand dollars. Out of this, deducting the widow’s third, there would remain for the six children six thousand dollars. If to this we add the estimated advancement, we have eight thousand dollars, or somewhat less than three thousand dollars for the two appellee children and over five thousand dollars for the appellants. As the advancement to the appellants was but two thousand dollars, it is apparent that they received at least three thousand dollars less than the real value of their interest in their father’s real estate as it would fall to them in case there had been no contract or advancement. If the question, then, were merely as to the adequacy of the consideration, the decision must, in equity, be with the appellants.
If this case concerned the sale of an expectancy, and the inquiry were whether the appellants (having made sale of their expectant estate, worth five thousand dollars, for a consideration of two thousand dollars) were thereby estopped from bringing that consideration into
The case before us, however, does not concern a sale of an expectant estate made by presumptive heirs to a stranger, without the consent of the ancestor and for an inadequate consideration. It concerns, rather, a contract of settlement made by the ancestor himself with the expectant heirs, all of full age, by the terms of which they are to receive a present allowance, by way of advancement, in full for all their expectant interest in his estate, and agree to release the estate of all claims thereafter on his death and the final settlement and distribution of the estate.
We have no doubt that such a contract, in family settlement, if made freely and without fraud, would be valid and binding upon all parties concerned, as any other contract. Gray v. Bailey, 42 Ind. 349; Bishop v. Davenport, 58 Ill. 105; Galbraith v. McLain, 84 Ill. 379; Kershaw v. Kershaw, 102 Ill. 307; Jones v. Jones, 46 Ia. 466; Smith v. Smith, 59 Me. 214; Trull v. Eastman, 3 Met. (Mass.) 121; Thornton Gifts and Advancements, 540, and authorities there cited.
Indeed, if a father> may, by will, bestow his property upon some of his children to the exclusion of the yest, as he undoubtedly may, there seems no good reason why he may'not enter into a fair and open contract with one or more of his children and give in advance all that he is disposed to give; as, when it was said by one of the two sons: “Father, give me the portion of substance that falleth to me. And he divided unto them his substance.” Nor do we read that when the prodigal lost his portion he canre back asking for a share of that
But such a contract, like a will itself, must be freely made, and without fraud or undue influence.
It is admitted by demurrer in this case “that at the time of said contract and agreement and deed the said defendant, Sarah J. Brown, the second wife of said William Brown, had a great dislike for plaintiffs, and a strong and undue influence over said William; was using every persuasive means in her power to induce said William to will all of his property to her and her children and cut plaintiffs out entirely, and that said agreement and deed were made, and said moneys, rents and lands were received under the above circumstances and surroundings; that by reason of said facts plaintiffs aver that by said advancements they received but a small portion of their said father’s estate.”
These allegations are not so definite as they might be, but, taken in connection with all the other facts alleged in the pleadings, it would seem that they present a case which appeals so strongly to equity that the issue as to the freedom and fairness of the contract between the father and his children by his first wife ought to be determined by the court after hearing the evidence, and not upon demurrer.
The judgment is therefore reversed, with directions to overrule the demurrer to the reply, and for further proceedings.