Uрon, which petition Mr. Chief Justice TANEY delivered the opinion of the court.
A motion has been made for a rehearing in this case, and we have been referred to the practice of the English Chancery Court' in support of the application. Thé-argument presupposes that this court, in cases in equity, has adopted the rules and practice of the English chancery. But this is a mistake. The English chancery is a court of original' jurisdiction; and this court is sitting as an аppellate tribunal. It would be impossible, from the nature and office of the two tribunals, to adopt the ■ same ■rules of practice in both.
Nothing could show this more strongly than the present application.- By the established rules of chancery practice, a rehearing, in- the sense in which .that term is used in proceedings in equity, cánnot be allowed after the decree is enrolled, If the party desires it, it must be applied for before the enrolment. But no appeal .will lie to the proper appellate tribunal, until after it is enrolled, either actually or by construction of law. And, consequently,' thе time for a rehearing must have gone by before an appeal could be taken. In the House of Lords, in England, to which the appeal, lies from the Court of Chancery, a rehearing is altogether, unknowns, A reargument, indeed, maybe ordered, if the house desires it, for its own satisfaction. But the.chancery rules in relation -to rehearings, in the technical sense of the word, are altogether inapplicable to the proceedings on the appeal.
Undoubtedly this cburt may and would call for a reargument, where doubts are entertained which it is supposed may be removed by further discussion at' the bar. And this mаy be done after judgment is entered, provided the order for reargument is entered at the same term. But the rule of ,the court is this, — that no reargument. will be heаrd in any case after judgment is *27 entered, unless some member of the court who concurred in the judgment afterwards doubts the correctness of his opinion, and desires a further árgument on the subject. And when.that happens, the court will, of' its own accord, apprise the counsel of its wishes, and designate the points' on which it desires to hear them.
There is. certainly nothing in the history of the English Court of Chancery to induce this court to adopt rules in relation to re* arguments,.аnalogous to the chancery practice upon applications for a-rehearing. According to the general practice of that court, one rehearing, where the application has been sanctioned by the signature of two counsel, is a matter of course. And this faсility in obtaining one rehearing, has naturally led to others, and in cases oí interest or difficulty, two, or even three, rehearings have sometimes been allowed, under the special leave of the court, before the decree was enrolled, and, consequently, before it could be removed tо the House of Lords. The natural result of .this practice is to produce some degree of carelessness in the first argument, and hesitation and indecision in the court. But the great evil is in the enormous expenses occasioned by these repeated hearings, and the delays which it produces in the decision, which often prove ruinous to both parties before the final decree is pronounced. Nor is the mischief confined to the particular suit in- which such proceedings and delays are permitted to take place.. ■ A multitude .of others are always behind it, waiting anxiously to be heard. And the rеsult of the practice of which we are speaking has been such that, although the court has always been filled by men of the highest order, distinguished for their learning and industry, yet the expenses and delays of the court have become a byword and reproach to the administration of justice, and Parliamеnt has at length been compelled to interpose.
And if this court should, adopt a practice analogous to that of the English chancery, we should soon find ourselves in the same predicament; and.we should be hearing over again at a second term almost' all the cases which we had heаrd and adjudged at a former one, and upon which our own Opinions would have been definitively made up upon the first argument.' We deern it safer to adhere to the'rule we have heretofore acted on. And nó reargument will be granted in' any case, unless a member of the court who concurred in the judgment desires it; and when that is the case, ’it will be ordered without waiting for the' application of counsel.
It is true that the decree of affirmance in this court, in . the Case before us, was upon an equal division of the members composing the court at the" time of the argument, eight being *28 present. But ’the case was fully hеard, more than a week being occupied in the arguments of counsel. And when, upon conference and a full interchange of opinion, it was found that the court was divided, the case was held over until the present term, in order that each member of the body might have an ample opportunity of investigating the subject for himself. This has been done. And when the court reassembled, it was found that the opinions of each member of the tribunal was unchanged, аnd the decree was therefore affirmed by a divided court. Further arguments would be mere waste of time, when opinions have been formed • after so much argument and such deliberate examination.
Nor .is the circumstance, that a decree is affirmed by a divided court, any reason for ordering a reargument before a full bench in any case. In a'body as numerous as this, it must often happen, from various causes, that the bench is not full. -And experience hаs shown, that it has rarely happened that every judge has been present every day throughout any one entire term. Thé case before- us is certainly an important one, in its principles and in the amount in dispute. But there are many cases on the docket at every term of the court much more important in both respects. And if it is to be understood, that cases of this description are not to be finally decided without the concurrence of a majоrity of the whole bench, it would be an useless consumption of time to hear them in the absence of any one judge, because it would bo uncertain whеther a judgment could . follow after the argument. And it is easy to foresee the inco'n- ■ venience, delay, and expenses to which a practicе of that kind would subject the parties, and the uncertainty and confusion it would produce (to the great injury of other suitors) in the order of -business as it stands on the dоcket, of the court.
Neither is there any difference between a -decreee in chancery and a. judgment at law, as to. its affirmance on а division of the court. In both cases, the motion is to reverse ; and if that fails, the judgment or decree necessarily stands, and must therefore be affirmed. And in most of the cases affirmed in this mariner, a majority, in fact, of the judges, who act judicially upon the case, concur in the judgment. For the Circuit Court is composеd of two members, and' if both are on the bench, they must concur in the judgment or decree; otherwise it could not be passed, and the point would be certified by a divided' court.
In every view of the subject, we, see no sufficient. grouhd for ordering a reargument, and the application is therefore refused.