88 Vt. 148 | Vt. | 1914
In the fall of 1911, the plaintiff bargained with the defendants’ agent for the purchase of a house and lot in Berkshire. He paid down $50 and it was agreed that the balance of the purchase price should be paid on delivery of the deed or about January 1, 1912. ■ The plaintiff went into possession of the property on or about November 1, 1911, and on the 14th made a further payment on the purchase of $400. The action is assumpsit and is brought to recover the amounts so paid.
The evidence tended to show that on or about December 17, 1911, Combs, the agent of the defendants who lived in California, tendered the plaintiff a deed which made the west line of the premises in question run from the center of a large elm tree on the street to the center of a large elm tree on the bank of the river. The plaintiff declined to accept this deed, claiming that it did not correctly describe the west boundary of the lot, because the contract covered the land to the west of these elm trees and included them in the sale. The agent insisted that the defendants could not convey the trees and the land specified, because they had conveyed the land west of this lot to another, and made the boundary a line from the center of one tree to the center of the other. No other deed was ever offered the plaintiff and he was at this time or soon after informed by the agent that no deed covering land enough to include the trees would be given.
The plaintiff continued in possession of the place, and on or about January 20, 1912, the defendants sued him in general assumpsit to recover the unpaid balance of the purchase price. The suit terminated in this plaintiff’s favor at the September Term of Franklin County Court, — in October or November apparently, — but the merits of the controversy were not determined.
The plaintiff held possession of the place until March 26. 1913, when he delivered the key of the house to the officer who served the writ herein, who surrendered the bey to the agent and then made service.
After these special verdicts were returned, the court ordered a general verdict for the defendants on the ground that the payments were voluntary and the plaintiff had failed to show a substantial breach of the contract by the defendants. In other words, the court ruled that the difference between the land called for by the contract and that covered by the deed was too small to warrant a rescission of the contract by the plaintiff. To this the plaintiff excepted. Both parties excepted to various rulings during the trial and both bring exceptions up for review; but the only questions -briefed or considered are those hereinafter treated.
The plaintiff takes the position in his brief that the case shown by the record is one of rescission by mutual agreement; that the defendants accepted the key to the house, and disposed of the property to Metevier; and that these facts rendered immaterial all questions regarding the character of the alleged breach of the contract by the defendants and laches on the part of the plaintiff. There was some evidence tending to show a rescission by mutual agreement, though it did not go as far as the plaintiff claims. It did appear that Metevier had bought the place, and that he had been in possession since soon after the key was surrendered; but it'.did not appear from where he obtained his title, — whether from the plaintiff, or the defendants, or someone else. The trouble with the plaintiff’s position on this question is that he did not make the point below.- ITis position at the trial did not involve the question of rescission by mutual agreement at all; and' for this reason, he cannot stand on the claim here.
The parties do not disagree as to the rule of law governing the point on which the trial court turned the case. It appears to be admitted that if a vendor of real estate, while the contract remains executory in whole or in part, breaks it in a material
The question is of such a nature that little aid in its solution is to be obtained from the cases. The application of the rule is, however, somewhat illustrated from the following: In Klim v. Sachs, 102 App. Div. 44, 92 N. Y. 107, it was held that the fact that adjoining buildings encroached from one to three and one-half inches on the property bought entitled the purchaser to rescind the contract. In Floeting v. Horowitz, 120 App. Div. 492, 104 N. Y. S. 1037, it was held that a shortage of four and one-half inches in the frontage of the land bought gave rise to a right of rescission on the part of the purchaser. And in Davis v. Scher, (N. J.) 62 Atl. 193, it was held that the misstatement of the number of rooms in a building in Newark was so material as to justify a rescission by the vendee. These cases are not controlling, of course, but they show that the question depends upon circumstances shown, and is for the jury.
It may be conceded that a trifling difference between the land bought and that deeded would not afford a basis for rescission, and that a variance might be such that, if it affected the
The defendants argue that even if the court was Avrong in ordering a verdict on the ground stated, the judgment should be affirmed, because a verdict should have been ordered on the ground that the plaintiff had, by -his conduct and delay, waived his right to rescind, — if he ever had one.
Here, again, the parties do not disagree as to the rule of laAV applicable. ' They agree that one entitled to rescind must do so within a reasonable time, and that this is usually a question of fact; and that where the question depends upon the length of time, alone, it may be a question for the court. The time taken by this plaintiff, standing alone, seems unconscionably long. He was entitled to a fair chance to consider the matter, and if, as Combs in effect admitted, he had done some work on the place before the defendants broke the contract, this Avas a fact entitled to consideration in making up his mind what it was best for him to do. But the length of time does not here stand alone, Other facts are for consideration. Unfortunately for the plaintiff, he did not offer evidence of his repairs on the barn and in bringing water to the place until his rebuttal, and it was excluded as out. of time. But as suggested, Combs testified that the plaintiff “did some work” before he took possession, evidently meaning that he made some repairs on the place. A suit was brought against him which involved the contract and its binding force; and, giving the plaintiff the benefit he is entitled to on a motion for a verdict by the defendants, it was pending until November. Surely, this was a circumstance tending to excuse his inaction during that time, for a jury would be warranted in saying that he would not reasonably be expected to surrender possession, Avhen the result of the suit might establish the contract and compel him to pay the balance of the purchase price. The "situation was much like that in Nealon v. Henry, 131 Mass. 153, wherein it was held that where a defect in the title of the premises in question depended on a question which the vendor brought suit to test, the purchaser could await the result without waiving his right. Moreover,
Taken altogether, the record does not show a question so plain that it could be ruled as matter of law, and it was correctly submitted to the jury.
There is no occasion to interfere with the special verdicts, and the retrial will be restricted to the other questions involved.
Judgment affiomied except as to the issues undisposed of by the special verdicts; as to them, judgment is reversed and cause remanded for retrial thereon. Let the plaintiff recover costs in this Court, since he prevails on both points.