68 Md. 47 | Md. | 1887
delivered the opinion of the Court.
The parties to this suit had bought a tract of land in Baltimore County, near the limits of Baltimore City, and had executed a deed of partition dividing this land between them. Wishing to improve the property thus divided, they
The plaintiff sued in assumpsit, and the declaration, besides the money counts, contained two other counts specially setting forth the contract and alleging the breaches. These two counts were demurred to and the demurrer was overruled. The case was submitted to the Court for determination without the intervention of a jury. After the introduction of evidence by both parties, the Court was asked to pass
If the opinion of the Court is correct the instructions, asked for by the defendant were properly rejected, and there was no error committed in overruling the demurrer.
It is apparent that the Court was right in holding that the mutual waiver of antecedent stipulations did not impair the obligation of subsequent stipulations not waived, as there is nothing on the face of this contract which makes one stipulation a condition precedent to another. Whether a contract must be sued on as an entirety, or is divisible, and can become the foundation of separate suits for the infraction of independent stipulations depends on its terms ^ and in order to arrive at a correct construction due regard must be had to the intention of the contracting parties as revealed by the language which they have employed and the subject-matter, to which it has reference. Brewster & Spratt vs. Frazier, 32 Md., 302; Ensworth vs. N. Y. Life Ins. Co., 1 Flippin, 92.
And undoubtedly the law is well settled in regard to the failure to perform distinct and independent stipulations. In such cases there are as many causes of action as there are breaches. Dugan vs. Anderson, 36 Md., 567 ; Williams vs. Hallett, 2 Sawy., 263; Faw vs. Morstellar, 2 Cranch, 24.
And in Perkins vs. Hart, 11 Wheaton, 250, Washington, J., said: “Where the agreement embraces a number of distinct subjects which admit of being separately executed and closed, it must be taken distributively, each subject being considered as forming the matter of a separate agreement after it is so closed.”
In Taylor vs. Laird, 1 Hurlst. & Nor., 274, Pollock, C. B., determined that when there is a contract for an entire ser
When the contract executed by the parties to this appeal is examined, it, at once, becomes apparent that it is divisible, and that its stipulations are independent of each other and must be taken distributively. The work on each street was to be performed at a different period. One street was to be graded and paved within two years, another within three, another within four; and Lanvale street was to be graded and paved within six years from the date of the agreement.
The stipulation in the contract, in regard to the grading and paving of Lanvale street being independent of other stipulations relating to the improvement of other streets, it is clear that the plaintiff could have instituted and maintained an action founded on the refusal of the defendant to comply with the obligation imposed by this stipulation. But the plaintiff was compelled to grade and pave a portion of said street extending through his own property, because the condition of this part of the street was such that it had become a public nuisance and he was liable to an indictment. He expended a sum sufficient to put this part of the street in good condition by paving and grading, and the Court, sitting as a jury, allowed him, in damages, onelialf of the amount of money so expended; The rule for the measurement of damages, thus adopted by the Court, was a sound one and sanctioned by adjudication. In Wicker vs. Hoppock, 6 Wallace, 94, the Supreme Court said :
“The general rule is that when a wrong has been done, and the law gives a remedy, the compensation should be
From what has been said it follows that there was no error in any of the rulings of the Court below, and its judgment should therefore be affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.