145 A. 703 | Pa. | 1929
Argued January 14, 1929.
The defendant instituted condemnation proceedings to take certain lands in Delaware County. The proceeding was submitted to viewers, who made an award. An appeal brought the matter to the court of common pleas, and an issue was framed at the request of plaintiff. The case was tried and presented at length, and after a careful and exhaustive charge the jury rendered a verdict for the plaintiff for $11,885.65. Many witnesses were called by plaintiff and defendant, and in order that their ability to state an opinion as to value could be determined, questions were asked on cross-examination as to their knowledge of land values in the community. They were queried as to particular sales, and the prices obtained, so that the jury might determine their qualifications *136
as to the testimony of general selling price which they expressed. That this examination was intended and permitted solely to determine their power to appraise generally clearly appears in the record. This was the only reason for the inquiries made by both plaintiff and defendant, as is evident from the record, and is not disputed. The jury, which had been upon the ground, could not, of course, base its final decision upon specific prices obtained for like property, and no attempt was made to have them do so. As said by Mr. Justice FRAZER, in one of the most recent of the condemnation cases (Serals v. West Chester Boro. Sch. Dist.,
Quoting from Mr. Justice KEPHART (Penna. Co. for Ins. on Lives v. Phila.,
No special requests for charge were made, and the questions involved were submitted in a charge which elaborately discussed the law and the facts. The verdict was not satisfactory to the plaintiff, and he filed fifteen exceptions, directed largely to the refusal to receive certain evidence, the court's misconception of the true measure of damages for a taking, the instructions as to compensation allowable for delay in payment, as well as the general presentation of the case, claimed to be unfair to plaintiff, and these matters are again pressed in the brief filed here by the appellee. All of the errors alleged were held by the trial judge to be without foundation except the one directed to a phrase in the charge, repeated here, which led it to award a new trial, from which order this appeal was taken.
The first question which arises is the right to a review in such a case. Ordinarily, an appeal, where a new trial has been awarded, is not allowed. The earlier decisions, sustaining this proposition, are collected in Fertax v. Spiegelman,
The phrase from one paragraph of the charge relied on reads as follows: "In doing that it is only fair that you should take into consideration, in so far as it has been testified to, all the prices which were paid for other lands in the community when sales were made. It seems from the testimony, so far as I can recollect, that there were only about eight sales during a period, — you will have to remember whether it was from 1920 to 1926 or 1923 to 1926, or whatever it was, because the court is a little hazy on that subject. I think there were only eight sales." It must be noted that this statement was made in connection with, and immediately followed, the statement: "Now, the value to be found of this land and buildings, or the damages or verdict which you allow to the plaintiff, must be an actual value which you find this property had immediately before the taking or at the time of the taking and unaffected by the order of the commission. Now, that actual value I would say is a fair market value and a fair market value is the price or sum which the land would have brought at that date after full and fair advertisement at either public or private sale; that is the value that you should arrive at." Taking the two clauses together, the one last referred to preceding the other, we can reach no other conclusion than that the jury was made to fully understand its duty, and that the particular sales were to be considered only in determining the general market price of lands in the community.
The proper measure of damages, though complained of by appellee, had been set forth, and the clause in question was preceded by still another, which read: "In determining which witness you are to follow, as I said to you before, you must determine from their manner on the witness stand, from what they testified to, from the knowledge they apparently had, from the examination that was made of them as to values in this vicinity, and the value of this tract. You must determine that for yourself." And the express meaning of the words, now *139 complained of, is explained farther on in the paragraph containing the disputed clause, when the court said: "However, that is for you, you must determine for yourselves in arriving at this, just what effect these sales were testified to as having taken place in the neighborhood, the amounts they brought, and you must also determine . . . . . . what effect the knowledge of the sales had on the ability of the witnesses who appeared before you to testify as to this particular sale that is before you."
We cannot see how a jury could be misled by this charge, taken as a whole, as to their duty in the premises. Certainly, it could not be instilled with the belief that their verdict should be based on the prices of particular properties, but that they should only consider how they affected the general market value of the land in the community, and thus fix the amount of depreciation and money loss. The language used may seem to a critical eye slightly confusing, but there is no such inaccuracy or contradiction as to mislead a jury as to its duty in fixing an award, the measure of which had been explicitly and correctly set forth. Even if there had been inadequacy in expression or phraseology, the duty was upon the plaintiff to ask that the wording be explained so as to clarify what had been said, if leave was granted, as it was here.
When the case closed, the court asked both sides whether any further charge or explanation on any point was desired, so that opportunity was thus given to have the language used clarified. Counsel for plaintiff then suggested but one matter, attention being called to the fact that the court had failed to clearly state what allowance for damages could be made for the delay in payment from the time of taking to the time of the award. The trial judge, in a further instruction covering a full printed page, thereupon made additional explanation. No suggestion as to the misuse of the wording concerning individual sales, if any there was, or the possibility of misunderstanding now suggested, was made. A juror *140 thereafter made a query which was answered, and it was not until the case then closed that general exceptions were filed on behalf of plaintiff, nine in number. In one of these the phrase is used "comments on sales," referring to the charge, but an examination of all nine shows that the complaints of the plaintiff were really directed, at the time, to the rejection of a witness, the criticism that the court told the jury that difference in market values should control the award of damages, and that its charge was inadequate, and were not directed to alleged error in using words which might lead the jury to the belief that it should base its verdict on prices obtained at particular sales.
The law is well settled that where a litigant fails to avail himself of an opportunity offered by the trial judge to suggest inaccuracies in its charge, he cannot complain thereafter, if there was a failure to correct the language employed. This principle has been maintained in a long line of cases, of which Loughrey v. P. R. R. Co.,
The order of the court below granting a new trial is reversed. *141