97 S.E. 730 | N.C. | 1919
This was a controversy submitted without action. The facts agreed are that Benjamin F. Phillips, by his will, devised his 50-acre tract of land to his nine children, to be divided as follows: The residence and 2 acres he devised to his son, John T. Phillips, and directed that the remaining 48 acres should be divided into eight tracts of six acres each to his other children, providing also, "with the distinct understanding that the parts or parcels hereinafter allotted to each are not to be sold to any one by him, or them, except the right to sell to one of those above named (being his nine children), it being my desire that said land shall descend to my grandchildren."
C. C. Dunn, the husband of one of his daughters, named as a devisee in the will, purchased all the interests in said tract except the interest devised to his wife, taking deeds therefor, and he and his wife sold and conveyed the entire tract to the plaintiff, P. W. Brooks, in fee simple, and later said Brooks conveyed a one-half undivided interest to his coplaintiff Dawson. Said Brooks and Dawson conveyed the entire tract 23 December, 1913, to the defendant J. C. Griffin by a deed in fee simple with warranty, and the said Griffin executed to the vendors seven bonds in the sum of $500 each, three of which he has paid, but declines to pay the other four, alleging that the title to the land is defective. The court adjudged that the children of the devisor took as life tenants only, and that the land, under the will, goes in remainder to the children of the devisee, the grandchildren of said testator, to take per stirpes each on the death of the father or mother, the life tenant, and entered judgment against the plaintiffs for costs. Appeal by plaintiffs. The only question presented in the construction of the following devise: "I give and devise to my children (naming them) my tract of land where I now reside, containing about 50 acres, (8) with the distinct understanding that the parts or parcels hereinafter allotted to each is not to be sold to any one by him or them, except the right to sell to one of those above named, it being my desire that the said land shall descend to my grandchildren." Then followed the directions for the allotment of the tract of land among the nine children. All these lots have been sold to others than one of the heirs, and thus came into the hands of the plaintiffs, who sold to the defendant, who refuses to pay the deferred notes for the purchase money upon the ground that the plaintiffs' warranty of title is invalid.
The words used do not make the devise to the children a life estate with remainder over, nor do they confer a defeasible fee as in Whitfield v.Garris,
We are further of opinion that the expression of the testator's wish that the land should "descend to his grandchildren" is the expression of his wish only, and not a legal limitation of the devise. But if it were otherwise, it is invalid as a restriction upon alienation.
In Munroe v. Hall,
In Hardy v. Galloway,
In Pritchard v. Bailey,
In Latimer v. Waddell,
In Wool v. Fleetwood,
In Christmas v. Winston,
It is held in an opinion by Allen, J., in Trust Co., v. Nicholson,
In Schwren v. Falls,
In Lee v. Cates,
The only case in our Reports which has been considered at all hesitant on this question is Ex Parte Watts,
In 3 L.R.A. (1906), 668, Latimer v. Waddell, supra, is reprinted with the fullest citation of all the authorities in the notes. The learned editor points out that there are two lines of decisions, one holding that any restraint upon alienation of fee-simple title for a limited period, however brief, even for a day, is void for repugnancy, and that this is almost the universal rule, but that there are a few cases that a limited restraint upon alienation, if for a reasonable time, is valid. The authorities in this State, however, are uniform, as above stated.
It is a singular commentary upon human nature that, knowing the difficulty of managing to the best advantage one's own estate while living, with full knowledge of changing conditions, that any man should *10 wish, or think himself competent, to restrict by deed or will the control of property in the hands of a grantee or devisee after the grantor shall have passed hence. No one can foresee the changing conditions which may arise and which will require a change in the investment or (10) in the management of property in the always uncertain future. Certainly the grantor or devisor should realize that after the property has passed from his hands, those who hold it should be credited with equal capacity, and in view of their superior knowledge of new conditions that they will be possessed of superior ability to select the best course to be taken with the property which has been conveyed to them by will or deed. It certainly seems irrational for a devisor to hold his own children incompetent to manage such property, but that his grandchildren, whom he does not know, shall possess sufficient ability. It is the vanity of human nature that one out of whose hands property is passing should seek to control it after it has ceased to be his.
For these reasons, and also because as a matter of public policy estates should be unfettered, the courts generally, and in this State uniformly, have held that restraints upon alienation of property conveyed or devised in fee simple are invalid. This does not in any wise affect the conveyance or devise of property upon a fee defeasible in which the defeasance depends upon a future or contingent event.
We are of opinion that the devise in this case is not of the life estate to the children of the devisor, with remainder to the grandchildren, the words of the devise cannot be so construed, but is of a fee simple to the children with at most a restriction (if it is not an expression merely of a wish) that they can convey only to one of their own number, and this is void. The plaintiffs, therefore, can convey a fee-simple title to the defendant.
Reversed.
Cited: Odom v. Morgan,
