218 S.W. 944 | Mo. Ct. App. | 1920
This is a suit on an indemnity policy for loss resulting from liability. On November 14, 1916, and while the policy was in full force plaintiff while driving his automobile on the public square in the city of Springfield ran down one Eva Kline. He reported the fact of his misfortune to defendant in due time. Later the injured party brought suit against plaintiff for damages, and plaintiff forwarded the copy of summons and petition served upon him to defendant. Defendant denied liability under the policy and declined to defend the suit brought against plaintiff on the ground that plaintiff was intoxicated when he injured the Kline girl. There is a provision in the by-laws, which by-laws are a part of the policy, to the effect that no indemnity will be paid if the automobile belonging to the member claiming indemnity was being operated at the time of an accident by a person under the influence of intoxicating *75 liquors. When the suit by Eva Kline for $5000 damages against plaintiff for her alleged injuries came on for trial, plaintiff Brinkman stipulated with Eva Kline that judgment should be entered against him and in her favor in the sum of $200. The judgment was in evidence in the case at bar, and recites that the court found by the stipulation "that the court shall enter judgment in favor of plaintiff and against defendant in the sum of $200 and for all injuries and damages claimed in her petition." The judgment was entered accordingly, and satisfaction thereof acknowledged in open court. No evidence was introduced tending to show liability on the part of Brinkman for the injuries received by Eva Kline, or that the amount paid was reasonable.
Plaintiff Brinkman brought the present suit on his indemnity policy to recover the $200 paid Eva Kline in satisfaction of her judgment, and for $15 paid by him for medical attention to her and for attorney fees for defending the Kline case, and for prosecuting this cause. The cause was tried below before the court and a jury, and resulted in verdict and judgment in favor of plaintiff and against the defendant association for the amount sued for, and defendant brings the cause to this court by its appeal.
As stated the policy sued on is one indemnifying against loss resulting from laibility. Can plaintiff recover under the circumstances here without showing affirmatively that he was legally liable in damages to Eva Kline? Has defendant waived the right to raise this question? We will dispose first of the question of waiver. If it be found that defendant has waived the right to raise the point that it is not liable because there was no evidence or finding in the Kline case that Brinkman was legally liable in damages to her, then there would be nothing left to determine in this respect. The policy and the by-laws which are a part thereof, do not require that the defendant association defend actions brought against its members for casualties covered; but merely provide that the association "may defend such suit in the name and on behalf of such member." It is conceded in effect by *76 plaintiff that the defendant association is not required to defend such suits. Plaintiff's contention that defendant has waived the right to raise the question that he did not show legal liability to compensate Eva Kline for her injuries is bottomed upon the proposition that defendant denied liability under the policy on the alleged ground that plaintiff was under the influence of intoxicating liquors at the time. That once having announced its position it must thereafter abide the consequences whatever they may be unless it can avoid them by showing that plaintiff was under the influence of intoxicating liquors.
In support of this contention plaintiff relies upon Stone Co. v. Ins. Co.,
In Railroad Co. v. Southern Ry. News. Co.,
The language last quoted clearly indicates that defendant in the case at bar is not precluded from defending on the ground that plaintiff was not legally liable.
If defendant has not waived this question, and we have found that it did not, then it necessarily follows that under the policy contract, before plaintiff can recover, he must show that he was legally liable to Eva Kline; and that the settlement he made was reasonable, unless the settlement he made, and the circumstances under which he made it make his case against his indemnitor prima facie, and thus shift the burden. In the Stone Company case it appears that "the plaintiff offered in evidence the policy and the judgment, and proved payment thereof, and went into the question of its liability to Perry, and the amount that Perry was damaged," thus apparently assuming the burden. In the instant case defendant in its brief practically concedes that it would be liable to plaintiff for the items mentioned in his petition if plaintiff was legally liable to Eva Kline, and the settlement was in good faith, and the amount paid is reasonable, and also that the amount paid and demanded as attorney fees is reasonable. The court at the request of plaintiff instructed the jury that if they found that plaintiff was the beneficiary under the policy, and that the policy was in force on November 14, 1916, and that on that date Eva Kline was injured by plaintiff while operating his automobile, and that she brought suit alleging negligence against plaintiff, and recovered judgment pursuant to a compromise, and that the sum recovered and paid was reasonable, etc., then the verdict would be for plaintiff. At the close of plaintiff's case in chief, and at the close of the whole case, defendant requested an instruction in the nature of a demurrer. It appears to us plain that under the facts and the policy sued on here, plaintiff was required to affirmatively establish that he was legally *80 liable in damages to Eva Kline for the injuries sustained by her. The question of reasonableness, etc., should also be submitted, but defendant does not make complaint so much about the reasonableness of the amount claimed by plaintiff, as that he recovered without being required to show that he was bound to pay anything for the casualty giving rise to this litigation. We think that this case falls squarely within the exceptions mentioned in the last part of the language quoted from the Minnesota case of Butler Bros. v. American Fidelity Co., supra. So far as defending any action is concerned the contract sued on here created no relation between the parties except that of the indemnitor and indemnitee.
The relation of the indemnitor and indemnitee, plaintiff and defendant in the case at bar is similar to that of covenantor and covenantee in a breach of warranty case. The covenantee in such case in order to recover does not have to wait until judgment in ejectment has been rendered against him, but he can recover by showing the purchase or surrender to a superior or paramount title. [Baker v. Hovey,
Both parties cite numerous cases, but the issue here seems simple and clear cut, and it is unnecessary to go into a further discussion of cases. Defendant complains about evidence that plaintiff was acquitted in the police court upon the charge of drunkenness getting before the jury in one of plaintiff's exhibits, and on the cross examination of the witness Swinney. The learned trial court sustained objections to this evidence when a direct attempt was made to get it before the jury, and that such evidence is incompetent is not questioned, so plaintiff will not be permitted to do indirectly what he cannot do directly. This evidence should not be admitted. Since the case must be retried we remind plaintiff *81 that he has not specifically pleaded that he was legally liable, and he may amend if he desires. No point, however, is made on the pleadings. The cause is reversed and remanded.
Sturgis, P.J., concurs. Farrington, J., concurs in reversing and reanding this judgment because of the admission of evidence concerning plaintiff's acquittal.