98 Va. 721 | Va. | 1900
delivered the'opinion of the court.
This case is as follows: George W. Berlin was the owner of two properties at Berlinton, near Bridgewater, in Buckingham county; one, his place of residence, spoken of in the record as “ The Mansion House ” property, and the other as the “ Mills” property. By deed dated December 22, 1890, both of these properties were conveyed by George "W. Berlin to Samuel L. Slusser, trustee, to secure Susan C. Strough, as guardian for her children, the payment of a bond in the sum of $2,136, executed to her by George "W. Berlin for borrowed money. By deed dated May 29, 1893, George W. Berlin, for the recited consideration of $5,000, conveyed a one-half interest in the “ Mills” property to E. L. Berlin, his son. On August 31, 1893, George "W. Berlin and E. L. Berlin conveyed the “ Mills” property to “The Bridgewater Boiler Mills Co.,” for the recited consideration of $12,000. March 15, 1894, George "W". Berlin conveyed “ The Mansion House” property (which he still retained, subject only to Mrs. Strough’s deed of trust) to "William L. Yancey, trustee, to secure to the Baltimore Building and Loan Association the payment of a loan of $2,000, at the time made to him, and Mrs. Strough, guardian, in consideration of the payment to her, as a credit upon the debt due her by George "W. Berlin, of $500 out of the money loaned to him by the Baltimore Building and Loan Association, joined in this deed, for the purpose, as expressed in the deed, of making her said deed of trust of December 22, 1890, as to the “ Mansion House ” property, subordinate and inferior to the lien created by this deed on the “ Mansion House” property in favor of the Baltimore Building and Loan Association, “for this purpose,
Erom this decree “The Bridgewater Boiler Mills Co.” obtained an appeal to this court.
“ Ordinarily, when the equities of the various owners of lands-subject to a deed of trust are unequal, so that their respective parcels are liable, in the inverse order of the alienation, if the deed of trust creditor, having notice of this situation, releases a parcel which is primarily liable, he thereby discharges or-releases those parcels which are subsequently liable, in the order-of their several'liabilities, from an amount of the deed of trust debt equal to the value of the parcel released. But this effect of the release may be obviated by the conduct of the parties to be affected.” 3 Pom. Eq., sec. 1226; Building Ass’n v. Fellers, 96 Va. 337.
“ It is,” says Mr. Pomeroy (Pom. Eq., -section 657), “a fundamental proposition, therefore, established with complete unanimity, that a registration properly made does not.
In Building Ass’n v. Fellers, supra, the opinion by Buchanan, J., says, that while the question had never been passed upon by this court, it is well settled, both upon principle and authority, that the registry of a deed- by a subsequent purchaser is no notice to parties who have acquired their rights before the time when the deed is registered. Neither the language nor the policy of the registry acts was intended to affect the holders of antecedent rights, but only such persons as are compelled to search the'records in order to protect their own interests.
It is clear, therefore, that the rights of Mrs. Strough, guardian, were in no way affected by constructive notice arising out of the recordation óf the conveyance of a one-half interest in the “ Mills ” property by George W. Berlin to E. L. Berlin, or of the conveyance by George W. Berlin and E. L. Berlin of the “Mills” property to “The Bridgewater Boiler Mills Co.”
The remaining question of importance, and the only one that we need consider, is, did Mrs. Strough, guardian, have actual notice of the conveyance by George W. Berlin to E. L. Berlin, or-of George W. and E. L. Berlin to “The Bridgewater Boiler Mills Co.,” admitted to record in September, 1893?
Sheldon, in his work on Subrogation, section 81, citing a number of authorities in support of the text, says: “ That a mortgagee is not bound .to take notice of subsequent liens or conveyances, or of litigation which arises concerning them; and
There is not the slightest pretence in this case that any such action was taken by E. L. Berlin or “The Bridgewater Roller Mills Co.,” and there is no proof whatever that E. L. Berlin or “The Bridgewater Mills Co.” notified Mrs. Strough at any time of their respective purchases. The reliance tó establish actual notice to Mrs. Strough of the conveyance from George W. Berlin to E. L. Berlin and of George W. and E. L. Berlin to appellant, “The Bridgewater Roller Mills Co.,” rests solely upon the following facts and circumstances, claimed to have been proven—to wit:
“ 1st. Mrs. Strough lived within a quarter of a mile of the mill, and not only was the Milling Company in open a¿ad notorious possession of the property, but its acquisition of the title and possession marked a new departure in the business conducted there, the property being converted from a bone mill into a roller process flouring mill, many improvements being made, and much new machinery being placed in the mill.”
“ 2d. Mrs. Strough dealt at the mill after it was converted into a flour mill, and ran an account there, buying flour and other supplies, the sacks, containing the flour she bought, bearing the stamp of the Bridgewater Roller Mills Company, as did also the stationery of the company on which its bills were rendered.”
*727 “3d. The Bridgewater Herald, a newspaper published at Bridgewater by G. R. Berlin (son of George W. Berlin), and a stockholder of the company, contained conspicuous advertisements of the Milling Company, and Mrs. Strough was a subscriber for this paper, and her son, who lived with her, worked in the printing office where it was printed and assisted in printing them, as he also assisted in the work of printing the stationery of the company.”
“ 4th. Mrs. Strough, according to the testimony of G. R. Berlin (a son of George W. Berlin), corroborated by J. W. Click, first called as a witness for Mrs. Strough, was approached in the presence of the witness in the fall of 1893, by his father, and asked to take stock in the Milling Company.”
“ 5th.-The deed of March 15, 1894, by which Mrs. Strough subordinated her lien on the “ Mansion House ” property to that of the Building and Loan Association, described the Mansion House property so released as adjoining the properties of Henry Cromer’s estate, John Thuma, P. W. Roller, and the Bridgewater Boiler Mills Go.” '
We shall not attempt to review the evidence in detail, which it is claimed establishes the foregoing facts and circumstances, for, leaving out of view, as did the Circuit Court, the statement of Mrs. Strough denying that she had any sort of notice of a change of the title to the “ Mills ” property before, or at the time, she united in the deed of trust given by George W. Berlin to Yancey, trustee, March 15, 1894, to subordinate her prior lien on the “ Mansion- House ” property to that of the Baltimore Building and Loan Association for the loan it then made to George W. Berlin, and also the evidence going to show that Mrs. Strough is an “ unlettered woman,” we are of opinion that it may be conceded that all the foregoing facts and circumstances, relied on by appellants, are shown by the evidence, still
“ Proof of actual notice must be such as affects the conscience of the party sought to be charged with such notice, and it is not sufficient if it merely puts him upon inquiry, but must be so strong and clear as to fix upon him the imputation of mala fides.” Mundy v. Vawter, 3 Gratt. 520; Hord v. Colbert, 28 Gratt. 58; Newberry v. Bank of Princeton, 98 Va. 471; Ferguson v. Daughtrey, 94 Va. 308; Fischer v. Lee, 98 Va. 159.
The proof of this case utterly fails to show that Mrs. Strough had actual notice of the equities claimed by appellants when she united in the deed of March 15, 1894.
"What we have already said disposes of the contention of counsel for appellant upon their brief, that though it be held that Mrs. Strough had no such notice of the deed from G. W. Berlin to E. L. Berlin or of that from them to the appellant, as would bar her right to subject the “ Mills ” property to the payment of the balance of her debt secured by the deed to Slusser, trustee; yet her deed still binds the “Mansion House” property as a lien paramount to that of the Baltimore Building and Loan Association under the deed of March 15, 1894, and she should be required first to subject the “ Mansion House” property. To hold now that Mrs. Strough should be required to look to the “ Mansion House” property for satisfaction of her debt, when she would be met and defeated by her own express waiver of her lien upon it in favor of the Baltimore Building and Loan Association, which, as we have held, she had a right to waive under the circumstances then surrounding her, would be to argue in an unending circle.
The decree appealed from is affirmed.
Affirmed.