58 Conn. App. 461 | Conn. App. Ct. | 2000
Opinion
This is an appeal by the plaintiff, Patrick P. Bria, from the judgment of the trial court, rendered after a trial to the court, in favor of the defendant United Resources, Inc. (United), on the plaintiffs claim that United tortiously interfered with his contract of employment. On appeal, the plaintiff claims that the court improperly (1) found that United did not tortiously interfere with his contract of employment with the named defendant, Ventana Corporation (Ventana), (2) failed to find that a management consultant hired by United had acted as its agent in tortiously interfering with the plaintiffs employment
In December, 1992, Rourke recommended to the president of Ventana, William Cratty, that the plaintiff be terminated for incompetence because he had not met a standard of excellence. Cratty refused and asked Rourke to work with the plaintiff concerning any perceived shortcomings. Rourke, however, did not comply with Cratty’s request and a few weeks later, again recommended the plaintiffs termination. On January 30, 1993, the plaintiff was verbally terminated by Cratty in the presence of Rourke “for cause.” No documentation was ever prepared describing the basis for the termination. The plaintiff thereafter commenced the present action.
In his first claim, the plaintiff asserts that the trial court improperly found that Rourke had not acted with an “improper motive” and did not use “improper means” in recommending the plaintiffs termination. We disagree.
“This court has long recognized a cause of action for tortious interference with contract rights or other business relations. . . . While our cases have not focused with particularity on what acts of interference are tortious, we have made it clear that not every act that disturbs a contract or business expectancy is actionable. . . . [F]or a plaintiff successfully to prosecute such an action it must prove that the defendant’s conduct was in fact tortious. This element may be satisfied by proof that the defendant was guilty of fraud, misrepresentation, intimidation or molestation ... or that the defendant acted maliciously. . . . Blake v. Levy, 191 Conn. 257, 260-61, 464 A.2d 52 (1983). In Blake, we also determined that [i]n an action for intentional interference with business relations . . . the better reasoned approach requires the plaintiff to plead and prove at least some improper motive or improper means.” (Citations omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Kakadelis v. DeFabritis, 191 Conn. 276, 279, 464 A.2d 57 (1983).
In the second count of the plaintiffs amended complaint, he alleged that United tortiously interfered with his employment contract with Ventana in that Rourke, acting as the agent of United, caused him to be terminated by Ventana in an attempt to save Ventana the cost and expense of the plaintiffs salary.
In its memorandum of decision, the court found that the plaintiff failed to sustain his burden of proving that his firing was improperly motivated by a wish to save the expenses of his employment. The plaintiff had intro
In an articulation, the court discussed certain of the findings of fact in its memorandum of decision. The court reiterated that the actions of Rourke were motivated by her expectation of a higher standard of performance than was required under the plaintiffs contract rather than by some improper means, as is required to establish liability under a tortious interference theory. The court concluded that while Rourke certainly persuaded Cratty to discharge the plaintiff for his shortcomings as she perceived them, the plaintiff failed to sustain his burden of proof that her actions were “wrongful by some measure beyond the fact of the interference itself.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Blake v. Levy, supra, 191 Conn. 262.
Unhappy with the trial court’s adverse factual findings, the plaintiff invites this court to abandon its appellate function, assume the role of trier of fact and find
The plaintiff premised his appeal on the proposition that the court unduly restricted the scope of what constitutes wrongful conduct for the propose of a tortious interference claim. Our careful and complete review of the entire record leads us to conclude that the court appropriately considered every type of improper motive or means that the plaintiff asked it to consider. We conclude that the court’s factual findings were not clearly erroneous.
II
The plaintiffs final argument is that the court improperly exercised its discretion in denying his motion, filed in the midst of trial, to amend his complaint. In the proposed amended complaint, the plaintiff alleged that United was directly liable for Ventana’s breach of his employment contract under an “alter ego” theory.
Although the plaintiff correctly notes that this claim is reviewed under an abuse of discretion standard; see Roberto v. Honeywell, Inc., 33 Conn. App. 619, 624, 637 A.2d 405, cert. denied, 229 Conn. 909, 642 A.2d 1205 (1994); we fail to find any articulation by the trial court of any reasons for its denial of the plaintiffs motion to amend his complaint during trial. As the appellant, it is the plaintiffs burden to provide an adequate record
The judgment is affirmed.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.
We do not address the plaintiffs second claim because we affirm the court’s judgment that United did not tortiously interfere with the plaintiffs contract of employment.
The plaintiff filed a five count amended complaint, alleging in count one, breach of contract as to Ventana; in count two, tortious interference with contractual relations as to United; in count three, intentional infliction of emotional distress as to both defendants; in count four, unpaid wages as to Ventana; and in count five, breach of the covenant of good faith and fair