Brewster v. Commonwealth, Department of Transportation

94 Pa. Commw. 277 | Pa. Commw. Ct. | 1986

Opinion by

Judge Colins,

Herman Dean Brewster (appellant) appeals from an order of thfe Cotirt of Common Pleas of Montgomery Obiihty, which affirmed the order of tbe Depart-' ment -of Transportation (DOT) revoking bis driver’s license for five years -pursnant to the habitual offender- provisions of Section 1542 of tbe Motor Vehicle Code (Code).¹

The isisue before ithis Ciourit is whether Section 1542 (e) of the Ciode, which mandates thait an Accelerated Rehabilitative Disposition (ARD) program shall constitute an offense for purposes of determining habitual offender status, is unconstitutional. It is appellant’is contention 'that Section 1542(c) of the Code is unconstitutional because it deprives the appellant of a property right without due procesis of law. Appellant asserts he was deprived of the right to drive without due process because he was never informed that participation in an ARD would constitute ¡an offense for purposes of the habitual offender provisions of the Code when he was making the decision to accept the ARD program.²

Section 1542 of the Code provides:

(¡a) General rule. — The department shall revoke the operating privilege of ¡any person found to be a habitual offender pursuant to the provisions of this section. A ‘habitual offender’ shall be any person whose driving record . .. shows that such person has accumulated the requisite number of convictions for the separate and distinct offenses described and enumerated ■in subsection (ib) ...

(b) Offenses enumerated — Three convictions . .. shall result in [a designation] as a habitual offender ...

(c) Accelerated Rehabilitative Disposition' as an offense — Acceptance of Accelerated Rehabilitative Disposition for iauy offense enumerated . . . shall be considered an offense for the purposes of this section.³

In this case, the appellant committed three offenses, one of which resulted in appellant’s participation in- an ARD program in Bucks County.- There is no dispute •that when appellant entered 'the ARD prog-ram he was never advised that his acceptance of the ARD program could result in the loss of his 'license if he committed further offenses which were- within the- purview of the habitual offender provisions of the Code.

A license aannfo-t fee revoked without the procedural due process required by the -Fourteenth Amendment. Bell v. Burson, 402 U.S. 535, 539 (1971); Commonwealth v. Abraham, 7 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 535, 539, 300 A.2d 831, 833 (1973); see Liebler v. Commonwealth, 83 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 270, 476 A.2d 1389 (1984). We must, therefore, decide whether due process requires that .the appellant should have been warned in a criminal proceeding of the civil implications of entering an ARD program. The ARD program is provided as piart of criminal proceedings. Pa. R. Crim. P. 175-185. 'However, a license revocation is a civil proceeding. ,The suspension of operating privileges is, therefore, a collateral consequence of any criminal proceedings. It is a consequence, civil in nature! whose' imposition has been vested in an administrative agency o-ver which the criminal judge had no control and for which he had no responsibility. ‘ ‘Courts have thus consistently held that a trial court’s failure to inform a defendant of this potential collateral consequence does not invalidate bis ['guilty] plea.” Commonwealth v. Wellington, 305 Pa. Superior Ct. 24, 27, 451 A.2d 223, 224 (1982); Commonwealth v. Englert, 311 Pa. Superior Ct. 78, 457 A.2d 121 (1983). This Court fails to perceive any reason why acceptance by the ¡appellant .of an AKD program should be invalidated, or .at least not considered for purposes of Section 1542 of the Code, any more than a guilty plea.

We considered a similar question in ¡the case of Zanotto v. Department of Transportation, 83 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 69, 475 A.2d 1375 (1984). In .that ease, the appellant contended “¡that a de novo hearing in common pleas c]ourt do.es not satisfy due process, because at the time of his convictions, he was not informed of the ultimate consequences of multiple convictions, i.e., the triggering of the habitual offender provision.” Id. at 71, 475 A.2d at 1375. We held that a de novo hearing adequately safeguards the notice requirements of due process. Likewise, in .this case, the appellant was certainly ¡afforded both the opportunity to ¡challenge Ms license revocation before DOT, and in a de novo hearing before the ¡Court of Common Pleas. The appellant’s due process rights were thus adequately ¡protected. Elias Appeal, 70 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 404, 453 A.2d 372 (1982) Commonwealth v. Grindlinger, 7 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 347, 300 A.2d 95 (1973).

Therefore, we hold .that Section 15.42(c) of the Code is constitutional, and the ¡appellant’s participation in an AKD may be counted as ¡an offense for the purposes of 'the habitual offender provisions of the ‘Code. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Traffic Safety v. McDevitt, 57 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 589, 427 A.2d 280 (1981), aff’d per curiam 500 Pa. 532, 459 A.2d 939 (1983). Consequently, the trial court is affirmed.

Order

And Now, January 22,1986, tire order of the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County, No. 84-02688, dated April 13,1984, is affirmed.

1 75 Pa. C. S. §1542.

2 Appellant also apparently asserts that' the ARD cannot be considered as a “conviction,” as required by §1542 of the Code. We have already decided this issue in Department of Transportation, Bureau of Traffic Safety v. McDevitt, 57 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 589. 427 A.2d 280 (1981), aff’d per curiam 500 Pa. 532, 450 A.2d 939 (1983). In McDevitt we held that the acceptance of an ARD program constituted a conscious choice of an alternative to prosecution and a knowing waiver of the right to prove innocence or risk conviction by defending oneself at trial. Therefore, the acceptance of an ARD can be counted as an offense for purposes of §1542 of the Code, as provided by the General Assembly.

3 75 Pa. C. S. §1542.