187 Wis. 109 | Wis. | 1925
The action was originally begun by the plaintiff Breese against the defendant Wagner. Construing the complaint literally, it sets forth the existence of both a public and a private nuisance and prays for an abatement thereof. When the action came on for trial the assistant attorney general, at the request of the governor of the State, appeared and requested that the State be made a party to the action so that the interests of the public might be fully protected. Defendant’s counsel claimed that he was taken by surprise, and that his client was not prepared at that time to meet the issues so raised. The attorneys both for the plaintiff Breese and for the State thereupon expressed a willingness to grant an adjournment so as to enable the assistant attorney general to serve an amended complaint, to permit the defendant to plead thereto, and to prepare for the trial. Thereupon defendant’s counsel consented to the adoption of the complaint of the plaintiff Breese by the State, and the court, with the consent of all parties, ordered the action to proceed for trial in the same manner as though
From the findings of the court, which are amply sustained by the evidence, the following appears: That the defendant Wagner is the owner of an island consisting of about twenty-eight acres of land in Lower Nemahbin Lake, known as Sugar Island, and that he also owns about 280 feet of lake frontage on the west shore of said lake; that the west shore of Sugar Island is located about 600 feet from the mainland, and that in June, 1921, the defendant constructed, of dirt and gravel, a roadway from the mainland east out into the lake a distance of 412 feet, with the intention of connecting his shore property with the island; that the lake is meandered, and a navigable lake in fact, and that the water between the island and defendant’s shore property varies in depth between one and two and one-half feet; that since the construction of the portion of the roadway complained of, the bottom of the lake on the west shore of the island and along the roadway has accumulated considerable deposit of silt; that the circulation of the water around the lake has been materially impeded and blocked and has become stagnant, and at times emits offensive odors; that the construction of said roadway has caused a deposit of silt in the outlet of said lake, thus increasing its shallowness, and has also resulted in an increase in the growth of weeds, so as to obstruct largely its navigability; that fishing and hunting and the general enjoyment of the lake for navigation purposes have been to a large extent destroyed; that the plaintiff Breese is the- owner of a one-seventh interest in a strip of land in the immediate vicinity of said roadway, with a frontage of 1,900 feet on the lake; and that his property, by reason of the facts aforesaid, has materially decreased in value and that its rental value has been largely diminished;
As conclusions of law the court adjudged said roadway a public and private nuisance and ordered its abatement, and enjoined the further construction thereof. Judgment having been entered in accordance with the said findings, the defendant has prosecuted this appeal.
Defendant’s counsel first challenges the finding of the court wherein it is found that the plaintiff Breese has suffered a private or special injury peculiar to himself. We have carefully examined the evidence in the case, and we are thoroughly satisfied that this finding is supported overwhelmingly by the evidence. Breese is the owner of an undivided one-seventh interest in 1,900 feet of lake frontage lying in close proximity to this roadway. The property has a special value for summer-resort purposes. For upwards of fifty years before defendant conceived the idea of building this roadway, that portion of the lake lying between the island and its west shore was navigable and was used by those owning property bordering on the lake, and by the public in general, for navigation purposes and for hunting and fishing. It is true that the water in the vicinity of this roadway has always been decidedly shallow, but it had a sufficient depth to permit navigation. The court found that this' portion of the lake was navigable in fact, and such finding is amply sufficient to satisfy the requirements of sec.' 30.01 of the Statutes. Said section reads as follows: ’ '
“All lakes wholly or partly within this state which have been meandered and returned as navigable by the surveyors employed by the government of the United States, and all lakes which are navigable in fact, whether meandered or not meandered, are hereby declared to be navigable.”
The construction of the roadway interfered with the flow-age of the water around the lake. It also greatly increased the growth of weeds along its sides and on the shore of both the-island and the mainland. It resulted in the deposit of
A nuisance may be a public nuisance, and as to certain individuals who suffer a special and private injury it may be a private nuisance. This is held in the case of Winchell v. Waukesha, 110 Wis. 101, 85 N. W. 668, where it is said:
“These injuries to the plaintiff in the use of her property and to the property itself are none the less special and private because by the same acts may be created and maintained a public nuisance in defiling the waters of a navigable stream or in polluting the atmosphere to the detriment of the public health.”
See, also, Mitchell Realty Co. v. West Allis, 184 Wis. 352, 199 N. W. 390, 397; 1 Wood, Nuisances, § 1; Stadler v. Grieben, 61 Wis. 500, 21 N. W. 629; Middlestadt v. Waupaca S. & P. Co. 93 Wis. 1, 4, 66 N. W. 713.
Defendant’s counsel further contends that the plaintiff Breese had- no legal capacity to sue to enjoin a public nuisance, in that he failed to obtain leave from the court to prosecute this action in the name of the State. On this point defendant’s counsel relies upon the provisions of secs. 3180 and 3180a of the Statutes. Whether or not he had legal" capacity to sue in order to abate a public nuisance because he failed to obtain leave from the court to commence and prosecute the action as is provided by sec. 3180a, is of
The title to the beds of navigable lakes in this state is held by the State in trust for the public purposes of navigation and fishing. McLennan v. Prentice, 85 Wis. 427, 55 N. W. 764; Diana S. Club v. Husting, 156 Wis. 261, 145 N. W. 816; Pewaukee v. Savoy, 103 Wis. 271, 79 N. W. 436; C. Beck Co. v. Milwaukee, 139 Wis. 340, 120 N. W. 293. The court having found that the roadway in question constituted a public nuisance and that it interfered with the rights of the public who were engaged in navigation and the various incidents thereto, and such findings being fully and amply supported by the evidence, the allegations of the original complaint would be deemed amended in accordance with such proof had no application been made on behalf of the State for such amendment. But, independent of the consent of defendant’s counsel to permit the State to appear in the action and to adopt the original complaint, it was within the discretion of the court, under the provisions of
The judgment of the lower court must therefore be affirmed.
By the Court. — It is so ordered.