110 P. 1052 | Okla. | 1910
From a judgment of the district court of Grant county rendered and entered March 1, 1910, sustaining a demurrer to their petition wherein they substantially state that defendant in error, as county clerk of said county, had, after filing, failed and refused to transmit to the county attorney of said county for a ballot title their petition in due form of law and unchallenged for insufficiency, which they file as an exhibit, calling for a referendum vote on the action of the board of county commissioners of said county in ordering the clerk of said board to advertise in a certain newspaper published in said county for bids for the erection and construction of a certain bridge across the Salt Fork of the Arkansas river on the section line between sections 16 and 17, township 25 north, range 4 west, in said county, and praying for a writ of mandamus requiring him so to do, plaintiffs in error, plaintiffs below, qualified voters of said county and a committee representing said petitioners, bring the case here, and assign for error the action of the court in sustaining said demurrer. The case turns upon whether the action of the board in ordering its clerk to advertise for bids for the construction of a bridge at that place was local municipal legislation or administrative action. If the former, the writ should run, otherwise not. The court in sustaining the demurrer in effect held the action sought to be referred to be administrative, and not legislative, and for that reason the referendum could not be invoked against it. In this we concur. It is only legislative action to which the reserved power of the referendum extends as distinguished from executive or administrative action. *828
In article 5, § 1, of the Constitution, the people expressly reserve to themselves the power to propose laws and to enact or reject the same at the polls independent of the Legislature, and also reserve power, at their own option, to approve or reject at the polls any act of the Legislature. By section 5 of the same article the powers of the referendum reserved to the people by the Constitution for the state at large were further reserved to the legal voters of every county as to all local "legislation or action" in the administration of county government. The same section further provides:
"The manner of exercising said powers shall be prescribed by general laws, except that boards of county commissioners may provide for the time of exercising the initiative and referendum powers as to local legislation in their respective counties and districts."
These sections upon their face extend the referendum to laws or legislative acts only, and not to administrative or executive action. In view of this construction which the Legislature undoubtedly had in mind, the act of April 16, 1908 (Laws 1907-08, c. 44), was passed providing for carrying into effect the initiative and referendum powers reserved to the people, and in section 17 specifically confined the machinery provided thereby to operate on "municipal legislation" only. Stripped of unnecessary verbiage, said section on this point provides:
"In all * * * counties and other municipalities which do not provide by ordinance or charter for the manner of exercising the initiative and referendum powers reserved * * * to the whole people * * * as to their municipal legislation, the duties required by the Governor and Secretary of State by this act as to state legislation, shall be performed as to suchmunicipal legislation by the chief executive * * *"
It further provides, in effect, that the provisions of that act, including those relating to preparation of arguments, shall apply to every city and town in matters concerning the operation of the initiative and referendum in its municipallegislation, etc.; that the printing and binding of such measures shall be paid for by the city as payment is provided for by the state as to state legislation, *829 etc.; and that it was the intent to make the procedure inmunicipal legislation as nearly as practicable the same as the initiative and referendum procedure for measures relating to the people of the state at large; showing clearly that the machinery provided by the act was intended to be applicable to refer to a vote of the people, only state and municipal legislation. That this is the proper construction appears from the face of the section of the Constitution and act, supra, and has been so held.
Long v. City of Portland,
"The effect of the referendum will not, however, affect in any manner ordinances or resolutions of the council that are not 'municipal legislation.' Section 11 of the legislative act of 1907 (Laws 1907, p. 406) provides that 'no city ordinance, resolution or franchise, shall take effect and become operative until thirty days after its passage by the counsel and approved by the mayor,' and defendant cites this provision as being especially cumbersome to the prompt and expeditious transaction of municipal business, and in proceedings that are in invitum,
such as those relating to street improvements; but this legislative act can only apply to such ordinances, resolutions, and franchises as are subject to the referendum. It cannot be broader than the provision it seeks to aid. The only acts of the council that are subject to the referendum by section la, art. 4, are such as come within the term 'municipal legislation.' Legislation as here contemplated must be considered in the sense of general laws, namely, rules of civil conduct prescribed by the lawmaking power and of general application. By Opinion of The Justices,
Tested by the rule that municipal legislation consists of prescribing by the lawmaking power of the municipality a rule of civil *831
conduct, was the board in making the order making law or was it administering or executing a law already made? If it was making law it was exercising legislative function and the result of its act was municipal legislation. If it was administering a law already made it was exercising administrative function, and the result of its act not municipal legislation, but administrative action; for, as stated by Mr. McQuillan in his work on Municipal Ordinances, § 80, "executive and administrative duties are such as concern the execution of existing laws." While no doubt, as stated in Chaska Co. v.Super., etc.,
The Constitution (article 17, § 2) provides:
"There are hereby created * * * in and for each organized county of this state * * * the offices of three county commissioners. * * *"
The Schedule, § 18, provides:
"Until otherwise provided by law * * * the power * * * of all county * * * officers not otherwise provided by this Constitution, shall be as now provided by the laws of the territory of Oklahoma for like named officers. * * *"
Among the powers granted to the county commissioners under the laws of Oklahoma in force at the time of the admission of the state into the Union are (Wilson's St. § 1405): "They shall have power to make all orders respecting the property of the county * * *" and "Fourth: To construct and repair bridges. * * *" An act of March 8, 1901, (Wilson's St. § 6111) further provides that the county commissioners may let contracts for bridges and to build the same, and that said board "shall be the sole judges of the places and roads where heavy grades, bridges or fills are necessary. * * *" Section 6112, among other things, provides that *832 no contract shall be let for the building of any bridge across any principal stream until the surveyor or civil engineer provided for in that section shall be employed by the board and shall make plans and specifications and file the same with the county clerk, and said board advertise for four consecutive weeks in some newspaper printed in the county for sealed bids.
It will thus be seen that in calling for bids for the construction of a bridge at a certain point the board was not legislating or making law, but was administering law already made, and in so doing was, in effect, acting administratively and with administrative discretion, and this has been so held.
In State ex rel. v. Commissioners,
"The necessity for a bridge requiring its immediate construction must, in the prudent administration of the affairs of a county, be relative to many considerations — such as time, means, and the number of other bridges required by public convenience at other places in the county; and, all these things being considered, whether the bridge should be constructed at once is for the determination of the commissioners in the exercise of their administrative functions. * * * The expediency of building or repairing a bridge, however necessary, is an administrative, and not a judicial, question."
And in the syllabus said:
"The expediency of the construction or repair of a bridge, under section 4938, Rev. St., rests in the administrative discretion of the county commissioners, and such discretion cannot be controlled by mandamus."
See, also, Tucker et al. v. Board of Freeholders,
In Shaub v. City of Lancaster,
"* * * There is a well-marked distinction between acts that are legislative and that lay down a rule of action for the citizen or the city, and acts that relate to the daily administration of municipal affairs. The latter may well be described as 'business' to be transacted by councils, and may be properly left to them to dispose of by 'order or resolution.' * * * This was intended as a remedy for an existing evil, and, when its purpose was accomplished, it became functus officio. It was not a permanent law of the municipality, but a temporary order, to meet a temporary necessity. For the purpose in view it bound the city as fully as a formal ordinance could have done; but that purpose was temporary, and embraced a then existing state of things which the order was intended to aid in removing. When its work was done, it required no formal repeal or rescission to terminate its operation, it expired."
And concluded that the compulsory nonsuit was properly entered. See, also, Seitizinger v. Electric Co.,
In that case it was not questioned that the council was acting pursuant to law already made in directing the mayor to offer the reward. And, as in that case it was held that the resolution ordering him so to do, being pursuant to law already made, was not a law or legislative action, so we will hold in this that the order of the board made pursuant to law authorizing them so to do, ordering the clerk to call for bids for a bridge to be constructed at a certain place, was not a law or legislative action, but administrative action involving administrative discretion, and as such not subject to the referendum.
If it be contended that the referendum is reserved to administrative action by virtue of that part of article 5,supra, which reads: "The powers of the * * * referendum are hereby further reserved * * * as to all local legislation, or action, in the administration of county government * * *" — we answer, not so, for the reasons stated, but, if in this we err, we say that as the act of April 16, 1908, provides the machinery for referring *835 "municipal legislation" only, and as the action sought to be referred is not included in that term, the demurrer was properly sustained.
This is not in conflict with our holding in Threadgill et al.v. Cross, Secretary of State, infra,
The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
All the Justices concur.