141 Mich. App. 664 | Mich. Ct. App. | 1985
BRANNSTROM
v.
TIPPMAN
Michigan Court of Appeals.
George R. Phillips, for Nanci Brannstrom.
George R. Phillips and Barry B. George, for James and Edith Brannstrom.
Seward, Tally & Piggott, P.C. (by John W. Piggott), for Edwin Kulka.
Kaufman, Payton & Kallas (by Constantine N. Kallas), for Clyde and Margaret Dexter.
*667 Before: V.J. BRENNAN, P.J., and CYNAR and E.F. OPPLIGER,[*] JJ.
PER CURIAM.
On August 7, 1981, Delbert J. Brannstrom was fatally injured when the motorcycle he was driving collided with an automobile operated by defendant Edward E. Tippman. These appeals involve separate dramshop actions brought by the decedent's ex-wife, Nanci Brannstrom (No. 75560), and by the decedent's parents, James and Edith Brannstrom (No. 76825). Both complaints allege that shortly before the accident occurred the dramshop defendants illegally furnished intoxicating liquor to defendant Tippman at a time when Tippman was under the age of 21 years and was visibly intoxicated. In both cases the trial court granted the dramshop defendants' motions for summary judgment under GCR 1963, 117.2(1). Plaintiffs appealed in both cases and the matters were consolidated.
Nanci Brannstrom originally filed an action against the dramshop defendants on behalf of the decedent's minor children. As personal representative of the decedent's estate, Nanci subsequently filed a wrongful death action against defendant Tippman. The trial court consolidated the cases and apparently told trial counsel that it would dismiss the suit on behalf of the children unless the wrongful death complaint on behalf of the estate was amended to add a claim against the dramshop defendants. The wrongful death complaint was amended in accordance with the court's direction. The consolidated cases were then mediated and the award was accepted. A judgment in favor of the children was entered against the dramshop defendants in the amount of $300,000, and the action on behalf of the estate against the *668 dramshop defendants was dismissed with prejudice.[1]
The present actions were filed by Nanci and by the decedent's parents in their own names in July, 1983. The trial court granted summary judgment in favor of the dramshop defendants against Nanci on December 5, 1983, and against James and Edith Brannstrom on February 22, 1984.[2]
I
The first issue is whether the present dramshop actions are barred by the consent judgment entered in the wrongful death action on behalf of the estate. We answer that question in the negative.
The dramshop act provides in pertinent part:
"A wife, husband, child, parent, guardian, or other person injured in person, property, means of support, or otherwise, by a visibly intoxicated person by reason of the unlawful selling, giving, or furnishing of intoxicating liquor to the person, if the sale is proven to be a proximate cause of the injury or death, shall have a right of action in his or her name against the person who by the selling, giving, or furnishing the liquor has caused or contributed to the intoxication of the person or who has caused or contributed to the injury." MCL 436.22(5); MSA 18.993(5).
The wrongful death statute, MCL 600.2922; MSA 27A.2922, states in part:
*669 "(1) Whenever the death of a person or injuries resulting in death shall be caused by wrongful act, neglect or default, and the act, neglect or default is such as would, if death had not ensued, have entitled the party injured to maintain an action and recover damages, in respect thereof, then and in every such case, the person who, or the corporation which would have been liable, if death had not ensued, shall be liable to an action for damages, notwithstanding the death of the person injured, and although the death shall have been caused under such circumstances as amount in law to felony. All actions for such death, or injuries resulting in death, shall be brought only under this section.
"(2) Every such action shall be brought by, and in the names of, the personal representatives of such deceased person, * * *."
Defendants contend that because these actions arise out of the decedent's death, plaintiffs' dramshop claims should have been brought by the personal representative as part of the wrongful death action. However, in O'Dowd v General Motors Corp, 419 Mich. 597; 358 NW2d 553 (1984), the Supreme Court held that the personal representative in a wrongful death action is not a proper party to bring a dramshop action. Rather, an action for loss of companionship or support under the dramshop act must be brought by the injured parties in their own names. O'Dowd, supra, p 605, fn 20. See, also, Genesee Merchants Bank & Trust Co v Bourrie, 375 Mich. 383; 134 NW2d 713 (1965). Therefore, the trial judge erred to the extent that he held that the present dramshop actions were precluded by the judgment in the prior wrongful death case.
II
The next issue is whether the decedent's ex-wife and parents have pled claims upon which relief *670 may be granted. A motion under GCR 1963, 117.2(1) tests the legal sufficiency of the claim and is determined by reference to the pleadings alone. The test is whether the claims are so clearly unenforceable as a matter of law that no factual development can possibly justify a right to recovery. Cramer v Metropolitan Savings Ass'n (Amended Opinion), 136 Mich. App. 387, 397; 357 NW2d 51 (1984).
Nanci's complaint alleged that, while she had divorced the decedent, at the time of his death they were living together as husband and wife, along with their children. Paragraph 18 alleges the following:
"That as a result of the death of Delbert J. Brannstrom, the plaintiff has been injured in her property, means of support or otherwise, which injuries include, but are not limited to, the loss of support, inheritance, society, companionship, consortium, aid and comfort of Delbert J. Brannstrom, as well as the sense of deprivation, grief, shock, and mental suffering * * *."
The parents' complaint alleges the following injuries:
"That as a result of the death of their son, the plaintiffs have been injured in their property, means of support or otherwise, which injuries include, but are not limited to, the loss of the society, companionship, aid and comfort of their son, the loss of their investment in his upbringing and the loss of his services, as well as the sense of deprivation, grief, shock, and mental suffering * * *."
Both complaints also allege that the death resulted in plaintiffs' inability to secure repayment of loans made to the decedent.
The dramshop provision quoted above creates a *671 cause of action in favor of a "wife, husband, parent, guardian or other person injured in person, property, means of support, or otherwise * * *". (Emphasis added.) The courts of this state have given a liberal construction to the words of the dramshop act, and the term "or other person" has been given a broad interpretation. LaBlue v Specker, 358 Mich. 558, 568; 100 NW2d 445 (1960). In view of the liberal construction given to the dramshop act, we conclude that plaintiffs are persons entitled to bring an action under the statute and have sufficiently alleged that they were "injured in person, property, means of support, or otherwise".
III
The next issue is whether plaintiffs' inability to retain the alleged intoxicated person would bar these actions. The name and retain provision of MCL 436.22(5); MSA 18.993(5) states:
"An action against a retailer, wholesaler, or anyone covered by this act or a surety, shall not be commenced unless the minor or the alleged intoxicated person is a named defendant in the action and is retained in the action until the litigation is concluded by trial or settlement."
The purpose of the provision is to prevent collusion between the plaintiff and the alleged intoxicated person. Salas v Clements, 399 Mich. 103, 108-109; 247 NW2d 889 (1976). The Supreme Court and this Court have recognized that the provision should not be strictly enforced to produce "an unreasonable, unjust result, a result which is inconsistent with the purpose of the `name and retain' amendment * * *". Salas, supra, p 109. Thus, compliance with the requirement has been *672 excused where the injured plaintiff has no cause of action against the alleged intoxicated person and where circumstances suggest there is no potential for collusion. See Salas, supra; Newman v Hoholik, 138 Mich. App. 66; 359 NW2d 253 (1984); Schutz v Murphy, 99 Mich. App. 386; 297 NW2d 676 (1980).
The trial court in granting summary judgment against Nanci Brannstrom stated that she had no direct cause of action against defendant Tippman. We express no opinion on that question.[3] Regardless of whether plaintiffs have individual causes of action against Tippman, he is a defendant in the wrongful death action arising out of the same accident, and both cases have been assigned to the same trial judge. We believe the potential for collusion in this lawsuit is negated by Tippman's retention in the wrongful death action. We therefore hold that, in the event defendant Tipman is dismissed from these actions on the ground that plaintiffs have no causes of action against him, plaintiffs' dramshop actions shall not be precluded because of their inability to comply with the name and retain provision as long as Tippman is retained as a defendant in the wrongful death action. We believe the present circumstances justify such an exception to the name and retain provision, and that a contrary rule would work an unreasonable and unjust result.
IV
With regard to plaintiff's motion to strike portions of defendant Kulka's appellate brief and supplemental brief, we grant the motion. We also grant plaintiff's request for costs and deny the request for attorney fees incurred in bringing the motion to strike.
*673 We conclude that summary judgment was incorrectly granted. Plaintiffs are entitled to present proofs as to the damages allegedly suffered by them.
Reversed and remanded for trial. We do not retain jurisdiction.
CYNAR, J. (concurring in part; dissenting in part).
I agree with the majority that the personal representative of the decedent's estate could not bring the dramshop action because the estate is not a proper party. Genesee Merchants Bank & Trust Co v Bourrie, 375 Mich. 383; 134 NW2d 713 (1965). Therefore I concur with the majority's conclusion that the dramshop actions were not barred by the settlement of the wrongful death claims brought on behalf of the minor children and the estate.
I must disagree with the majority's conclusion that plaintiffs, the divorced wife of decedent and the parents, are injured parties within the terms of the dramshop act. In the present case, the decedent's parents alleged that, as a result of the unlawful furnishing of alcohol to defendant Tippman which was a proximate cause of their son's death, they were injured in their property, means of support or otherwise. Specifically, they alleged as injuries: loss of society, companionship and comfort; loss of investment in decedent's upbringing; loss of services; a sense of deprivation, grief, shock and mental suffering; and a loss of income since the decedent was indebted to them on account of monies they had loaned him.
Damages properly recoverable under the dramshop act inlcude damages for: loss of society, companionship, love and affection, Matson v Soronen, 57 Mich. App. 190; 226 NW2d 52 (1974), lv den 394 Mich. 762 (1975); loss of services, Berger v Weber, *674 411 Mich. 1; 303 NW2d 424 (1981); and mental anguish, Johnson v Grondin, 170 Mich. 447; 136 N.W. 423 (1912). Under the foregoing cases, however, the right to recover such damages under the dramshop act has been limited to spouses, parents of minor children, and minor children. Because the decedent in the present case was an adult, as a matter of law, plaintiff parents may not recover the above-described damages for the death of their son.
The parents also alleged as damages a loss of income because the decedent was indebted to them on account of monies loaned. However, a claim for monies loaned is an unsecured debt properly assertable against the estate in probate court. MCL 700.701; MSA 27.5701. I do not believe this is a proper damage claim under the dramshop act.
Because the parents have not alleged any damages which are properly awardable, the parents have failed to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. GCR 1963, 117.2(1). This Court will not reverse a lower court's decision where the lower court reached the right results, albeit for the wrong reason. Albro v Total Petroleum, Inc, 108 Mich. App. 1, 4; 310 NW2d 252 (1981), lv den 413 Mich. 870 (1982).
I similarly conclude that the other plaintiff, the decedent's former wife, cannot recover under the dramshop act. She alleged that she lost support, inheritance, consortium and the repayment of an unsecured debt as a result of decedent's death. There is no indication that plaintiff has a legal right to support or inheritance; she had been divorced from the decedent. Furthermore, I know of no right to consortium after divorce. Plaintiff has no right to compensation for these things. These rights ended with her divorce from the decedent.
*675 I believe it is error to attempt to compensate the plaintiffs for their losses in this case. It is clear that a tragedy occurred here, but it we choose to allow the parties to recover, how can we deny recovery to similarly aggrieved friends and distant relations if they were to choose to bring an action? I believe the plaintiffs' claims in this case were properly denied by the trial court. Summary judgment was proper. I would affirm.
NOTES
[*] Circuit judge, sitting on the Court of Appeals by assignment.
[1] The estate's wrongful death action against defendant Tippman remained pending.
[2] Both orders were granted under GCR 1963, 117.2(1). The trial judge found that Nanci's complaint failed to state a claim because (1) as the decedent's ex-wife, she was not a proper plaintiff under the dramshop act, and (2) she had no cause of action against the alleged intoxicated person and therefore could not comply with the name and retain provision of the dramshop act. Summary judgment was granted against the decedent's parents on the ground that their claim was part of the estate's wrongful death action and was barred by the judgment in that case.
[3] Tippman was named as a defendant in both complaints and he has not yet been dismissed from either action.