87 F. Supp. 921 | D. Kan. | 1950
Two questions are raised by, or are incidental to, defendant’s motion to dismiss: (1) Is there extant an adjudication, binding upon this court, as plaintiff contends, that he was engaged in interstate commerce at the time of his injury and hence may prosecute the instant suit to recover damages under the Federal Employers’ Liability Act ?
The facts are, by this reference, found to be as stipulated. They will be summarized later. At this juncture the court recites briefly the history of the case to make the first question understandable.
The suit was instituted by the filing of a complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division, on December 13, 1946, seeking damages in the amount of $75,000.-00 for injuries alleged to. have been received while working in defendant’s rail-mill at Newton, Kansas, on August 26, 1946. Answer was duly filed, in which it was alleged, inter alia, that plaintiff “was-engaged in the performance of duties exclusively intrastate while employed by the defendant” and, since both parties were citizens and residents of Kansas, that the court lacked jurisdiction of the parties and of the subject matter. Thereafter the parties filed a stipulation, the important part of which will be subsequently set out herein. Later a motion to transfer the 'cause to this court under Section 1404(a) of the United States Judicial Code
Upon brief plaintiff asserts:
“The United States District Court of Illinois decided * * * [the interstate commerce] issue, * * * [determined] that plaintiff was engaged in interstate commerce and transportation, and that his cause of action was within the provisions of the Employers’ Liability Act * * *.
“The action commenced by the plaintiff in Illinois is still pending, notwithstanding the fact that it has been transferred to Kansas * * *. The stipulation of the parties and the order thereon is still in force and effect, and the issue of interstate commerce is now res adjudicata insofar as the trial court is concerned.”
No case has been cited or found supporting that view. This court should, and will, give respectful consideration to the views expressed by another court of concurrent jurisdiction, especially when such court has passed upon an interlocutory matter being re-argued before it. But even if it be assumed that the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois had placed its ruling denying the motion for an instructed verdict squarely upon the view that plaintiff, under the stipulated facts, had been engaged in interstate commerce at the time his injury was received, such ruling would not be res judicata. No extended discussion of that term need be attempted. It suffices, for present purposes, to point out that there has been no “final .judgment on the merits of a cause of action”,
At the risk of didacticism, it seems that objection to this court’s ruling upon the issue of interstate commerce could be bottomed only upon the doctrine of “law of the case.” This, it has been said, is not “a rule of law limiting the power of the court to reopen what has been decided but rather as an expression of ‘the practice of courts generally to refuse to reopen what has been decided * * *.’ ”
The stipulation covers, in some detail, plaintiff’s prior employment. It recites that he is a citizen and resident of Kansas, that defendant is a Kansas corporation engaged in the business of interstate rail transportation, and that plaintiff, after having resigned from a position in defendant’s water service department had been re-employed •by it, on October 15, 1945, “as a shop laborer in the rail mill. On January 16, 1946, he was promoted to machinist’s helper. On August 26, 1946, the date on which plaintiff allegedly sustained the injury which he has, he was employed by the defendant as a machinist’s helper in the rail mill owned and operated by the defendant at Newton, Kansas. Plaintiff’s duties at that time involved the assembly of railway switches and switch frogs. Some
Notwithstanding a welter of court-decisions, the question whether an employee of a railroad company is engaged in intrastate or interstate commerce at the time of his injury remains a difficult one. . The amendment of 1939
It would serve no good purpose to attempt extended discussion of the several cases decided by the Supreme Court under the act as it existed before the amendment. Most of them arose from injuries received by employees while working upon engines or rolling stock, temporarily withdrawn from service for. repair. The essence of the. test applied has been whether the employee, at the time of the injury, was “engaged in interstate transportation or in work so closely related to it as to be practically a part of it”
The Supreme Court of Kansas, in a comparatively recent case,
Learned counsel for plaintiff rest their argument that he was engaged in interstate commerce largely upon the view expressed by some courts that the amendment of 1939 should be given a “liberal construction” and that it “broadened the whole concept of interstate transportation as covered by the Federal Employers’ Liability Act.”
“Under the amendment, the test must be whether the activity in which the employee is engaged at the time of the accident, directly or closely and substantially affects interstate commerce.”
Counsel for each side suggest inferences to be drawn from the stipulated facts. On behalf of defendant it is argued that since the assembled material is withdrawn on requisition of the general storekeeper and, even after being placed in the stock pile, may never be incorporated in any railway system, therefore the mill is “not unlike a manufacturer and supplier of railway parts and equipment.” Plaintiff’s counsel,- on the other hand, state that the stipulated facts “warrant the inference that these switches or frogs were such as had been worn or damaged while in use on defendant’s system of railroad and were being reconditioned for reinstallment * * as needed to replace other switches as they became worn, defective, unsafe or inefficient.” The correct interpretation of the stipulated facts is probably intermediate the suggested extremes; but this court is of the view that it is closer to the one suggested by plaintiff.
“Plaintiff’s duties” at the time of his injuries, “involved the assembly of railway switches and switch frogs.” “In August, 1946, — [the injury occurring on August 26] —the * * * stock pile at defendant’s rail mill was depleted with respect to certain items of material, including switches and frogs, and it was necessary to ship such items immediately upon assembly to fill current requisitions.” So reads the stipulation. “Current requisitions”, otherwise unexplained, seems to connote the replacement of many switches and frogs upon tracks used in interstate commerce, upon tracks used in both interstate and intrastate commerce, and perhaps upon some used only in intrastate commerce. Plaintiff’s work being in connection with the “assembly” of such switches and frogs, it seems that he was engaged in “an activity * * * [which] directly or closely and
The court is of the opinion, and now holds, that it has jurisdiction of the parties and of the subject of the action. Defendant’s motion to dismiss is therefore denied.
. Schneider v. Lehigh Valley R. Co., 2 Cir., 112 F.2d 712.
. Title 28 U.S.C.A. § 1404 (a), Act of June 25. 1948.
. Cf. Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Sunnen, 333 U.S. 591, 68 S.Ct. 715, 719, 92 L.Ed. 898.
. Connett et al. v. City of Jerseyville, 7 Cir., 110 F.2d 1015, 1018; Cf. Messinger v. Anderson, 225 U.S. 436, 32 S.Ct. 739, 56 L.Ed. 1152.
. Bowles v. Wilke, 7 Cir., 175 F.2d 35, 37.
. Act of Aug. 11, 1939, c. 685, § 1, 53 Stat. 1404.
. See report 661 of tbe committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate. See also reference to legislative history in Ermin v. Pennsylvania R. Co., D.C., 36 F.Supp. 936, 940. Cf. Piggue v. Baldwin, 154 Kan. 708, 121 P.2d 183.
. Industrial Accident Commission of State of California v. Davis, 259 U.S. 182, 187, 42 S.Ct. 489, 491, 66 L.Ed. 888.
. New York, N. H. & H. R. Co. v. Bezue, 284 U.S. 415, 420, 52 S.Ct. 205, 207, 76 L.Ed. 370, 77 A.L.R. 1370; Cf. Shanks v. Delaware, L. & W. R. Co., 239 U.S. 556, 36 S.Ct. 188, 60 L.Ed. 436.
. Pedersen v. Delaware, L. & W. R. Co., 229 U.S. 146, 151, 33 S.Ct. 648, 649, 57 L.Ed. 1125, Ann.Cas.1914C, 153.
. Pedersen v. Delaware, L. & W. R. Co., 229 U.S. 146, 151, 33 S.Ct. 648, 649, 57 L.Ed. 1125, Ann.Cas.1914C, 153.
. Harris v. Missouri Pac. R. Co., 158 Kan. 679, 149 P.2d 342, 343.
. 304 U.S. 64, 58 S.Ct. 817, 82 L.Ed. 1188, 114 A.L.R. 1487.
. Some of the cases apparently taking this view are: Ermin v. Pennsylvania R. Co.. D.C.. 36 F.Supp. 936; Agostino v. Pennsylvania R. Co., D.C., 50 F.Supp. 726; Zimmermann v. Scandrett, D.C., 57 F.Supp. 799; Scarborough v. Pennsylvania R. Co., 154 Pa.Super. 129, 35 A.2d 603; Edwards v. Baltimore & O. R. Co., 7 Cir., 131 F.2d 366; and Shelton v. Thomson, 7 Cir., 148 F.2d 1.
. See also Piggue v. Baldwin, 154 Kan. 708, 121 P.2d 183.
. 380 Ill. 386, 44 N.E.2d 19, 23.