99 Ala. 177 | Ala. | 1892
Defendant was indicted under the act approved February 28, 1887 — Sess. Acts, 665 — an omnibus, local prohibition law. Its provisions, as applicable to this case, are, that “Any person who sells, gives away, or otherwise disposes of any spirituous, vinous or malt liquors,” &c. • • “within townships 11 and 12 of beats 1 and 2, Crenshaw county, • • must, on conviction, be fined not less than fifty dollars, and may also be sentenced to hard labor for the county, for not less than thirty days, nor more than three months.” The second count of the indictment in this case strictly conforms to the statute.
All the provisions of section 1 of said statute are embraced within the title to the enactment. Section 3 has pro
The defendant was tried and convicted under the second count of the indictment. There was a demurrer to this count, alleging that the third section of the act, under which the trial was being had, made the act unconstitutional, in this, that it introduced a subject which was not expressed in the title, nor included within the purview of its terms. Const. Art. IV, § 2. We think that section does bring into the enactment a subject that can not be held to be embraced within the title. The question then arises, does this vitiate the whole statute?
We have frequently considered this provision of the Constitution. In Ballentyne v. Wickersham, 75 Ala. 533, we summarized most of the principles decided by this court. Those provisions are, that this provision of the Constitution is mandatory ; that the title of a bill may be very general, and need not specify every clause of a statute, it being sufficient if they are all referable and cognate to the subject expressed; but, if clauses are contained in the act, which are not so correlated to the subject expressed in the title, as to appear to follow as a natural'and legitimate complement, they can not stand. A statute embracing two subjects, both of which are expressed in the title, falls within the inhibition, and the whole statute is unconstitutional and void.
In Powell v. State, 69 Ala. 10, a case presenting the question we now have in hand, we said: “If they [the two clauses] are perfectly distinct and separable, and are not dependent, the one on the other, the courts will permit the one part to stand, though the other may be expunged as unconstitutional, provided effect can thus be given to the legislative intent.”
Lowndes Co. v. Hunter, 49 Ala. 507, presented the constitutional question we are considering, on an issue not distinguishable in principle from the one now under consideration. In that case we gave effect to the clause that was expressed in the title, notwithstanding the other clause was without the purview of the title to the act. See, also, Rogers v. Torbut, 58 Ala. 523; Ex parte Cowert, 92 Ala. 94.
We hold that the punitive clause of this statute can be upheld without a reference to the other clause, and hence
There is nothing in any of the other questions raised. The proof fully justified a conviction of the defendant. Segars v. State, 88 Ala. 144; Mays v. State, 89 Ala. 37.
The judgment of the Circuit Court is affirmed.