216 P. 319 | Mont. | 1923
prepared the opinion for the court.
On December 4, 1915, the parties to this action entered into a contract in writing for the sale of a certain tract of real estate in Lewis and Clark county, Montana. In consideration of the sum of $12,000 to. be paid in the manner provided in said contract the defendant agreed to sell and convey to the plaintiffs by good and sufficient warranty deed the lands and premises therein described, together with an undivided one-fourth interest in a certain ditch right and water right described therein. The contract contained several reservations
The contract provides that, in the event the defendant cannot convey title to the lands, as therein provided, the plaintiffs agree to accept repayment of all moneys paid by them, with legal rate of interest as liquidated damages. Time of payment and performance is made the strict essence of the agreement.
Bach of the annual installments, together with accrued interest, was punctually paid, with the exception of the last. On December 15, 1920, the day when this last installment became due, one of the attorneys for the plaintiffs tendered the exact amount due, being $1,800 principal and $108 interest, at the office of the defendant, w'here the same was payable. He then demanded a deed in accordance with the contract, 'but was informed that no deed had been prepared, and that the officers of the defendant having authority to execute a deed were out of the city. The money was deposited with the Union Bank & Trust Company, with instructions to pay it to the defendant upon delivery of the deed, but with the further instruction that delivery of the deed should not be accepted until the same could be examined by the attorney for plaintiffs. On January 6, 1921, the defendant company executed a deed to plaintiffs conveying the lands described in the contract, which deed was tendered to plaintiffs on January 31, 1921. The covenants of warranty, in addition to the reservations provided for in the contract, contained the following: “Also subject to any encumbrance of record, or unpaid taxes subsequent to December 4, 1915; provided, however, that any
On February 1, 1921, the plaintiffs, through their attorney, served upon the defendant a notice in writing that they refused to accept the proffered deed, and that they elected to rescind the contract for reasons stated in said notice. On February 4 an amended notice to the same effect was given in the same manner, with the reasons set forth somewhat more in detail. Bach notice offered to restore possession of the lands described in the contract, upon condition that the plaintiffs return the purchase price received. The defendant not agreeing to rescission, the plaintiffs thereafter brought this action. The amended complaint, upon which the action was tried, was filed March 28, 1921. The execution of the contract, a copy of which is attached as an exhibit, is pleaded. Full performance on the part of the plaintiffs, including tender of the final payment according to the terms of the contract, is likewise pleaded. It is further alleged that the deed did not convey such title to the lands in question as was stipulated in the contract, in that the same was subject to “easements, servitudes and encumbrances not provided for in the contract, or excepted from the agreement to convey good title.” Two such encumbrances and easements are specially pleaded. The first is a mortgage, given by the defendant on the twentieth day of March, 1916, mortgaging the lands described in the contract to the Banking Corporation of Montana, to secure the payment of a certain promissory note in the sum of $2,500, due March 1, 1921, which said mortgage was on the twenty-third day of March, 1916, filed for record in the office of the county clerk and recorder of Lewis and Clark county, and recorded in Volume 30 of Mortgages, on page 343, upon which there is still owing the sum of $2,500 and some interest. The second is an easement granted to the predecessor of the Montana Power Company, which in addition to the right for poles now
The plaintiffs aver that they have at all times been ready, able and willing to duly do, keep and perform all things by them to be done, kept and performed under the terms of said contract and agreement, and that they have duly done, kept and duly performed all the conditions on their part, and all things to be by them done, kept and performed under the terms and conditions of said contract, and that the defendant has not done, kept, and performed the things to be by it done, kept and performed under said contract, and particularly in this, that it did not execute and tender a deed, and cannot convey a good title to said lands and premises free from liens, encumbrances and servitudes other than those mentioned in said contract and agreement.
They confirm and renew their offer to rescind said contract and agreement, and to surrender possession of the said lands, and premises, and all right, title, claim and interest therein and thereto, and to account for all profits and benefits received from the occupation of said lands and premises under sai’d contract and agreement, and to' do and perform such other things as in equity and good conscience should be done, and may be required by the court. They pray judgment that the contract and agreement be rescinded, and that the defendant refund and pay to plaintiffs the amounts paid, with legal interest from the respective dates of payment; that such sums be declared to be a lien upon the lands and premises, and
The defendant’s answer does not controvert any of the ultimate facts pleaded in the amended complaint. It does, however, deny the legal effect of the matters pleaded by the plaintiffs. It also pleads some new matter. To the various grounds for rescission relied upon by the plaintiffs several defenses are interposed. In our discussion of the question presented by the appeal, we will mention those which it is now contended are sufficient.
The cause was tried to the court sitting without a jury. No fact testified to by any witness is disputed. The material allegations ^of the complaint were sustained by the evidence. As in the pleadings, the only controversy is as to the legal effect of the evidence. The court made a general finding in favor of the plaintiffs, decreeing that the contract be rescinded, and entered judgment for the amount of payments made upon the purchase price, with interest, after deducting the rental value for the use of the premises. The appeal is by the defendant from this judgment.
The first two assignments of ei’ror relate to easement of
Three of the eases cited by appellant directly, and the other one indirectly rely upon Memmert v. McKeen, 112 Pa. 315, 4 Atl. 542. The opinion in that case contains the following classification of encumbrances:. “Encumbrances are of two kinds, viz.: (1) Such as affect the title; and (2) those which affect only the physical condition of the property. A mortgage or other lien is a fair illustration of the former; a public road or a right of way, of the latter. Where encumbrances of the former class exist, the covenant referred to, under all the authorities, is broken the instant it is made, and it is of no importance that the grantee had notice of them when he took the title. (Cathcart v. Bowman, supra; Funk v. Voneida, 11 Serg. & R. 109.) Such encumbrances are usually of a temporary character, and capable of removal; the very object of the covenant is to protect the vendee against them; hence knowledge, actual or constructive, of their existence, is no answer to an action for breach of such covenant.” The authorities are unanimous in supporting what is therein said concerning encumbrances affecting the title to lands. (See cases cited under section 913 in Devlin on Deeds and in the notes in 4 L. R. A. (n. s.) 309, and 32 L. R. A. (n. s.) 737.) This court has recently expressed approval of that rule in Adams v. Durfee, ante, p. 315, 215 Pac. 664.
In Huyck v. Andrews, 113 N. Y. 81, 10 Am. St. Rep. 432, 3 L. R. A. 789, 20 N. E. 581, the defendant had conveyed land to plaintiff by deed warranting the title free from encumbrances. The land bordered on a stream. A third party owning the lands across the stream had previously erected a mill dam under an easement which g’ave him the right to extend the dam as high as he wished and to use the entire water of the stream. The defendant was held liable for breach of warranty. In the discussion the opinion states: “While the grantee knew of the existence of the dam and of some use of the water, she did not know of the right to extend the dam from the edge of the water to her high land on the west side of the creek; nor did she know of the right Briggs had to use the entire water of the stream.” It was never suggested that she was obliged to consult the recorded easement to determine the extent thereof. She had a right to rely upon the covenants of warranty contained in her deed. Schurger v. Morgan, supra, cited by the appellant, commenting upon Huyck v. Andrews, agrees with the result reached in the latter respect, although it does not agree with what is said by the New York court concerning visible physical encumbrances.
The recorded easement of the Montana Power Company, in addition to the pole lines, which were mentioned in the contract now under consideration, restricted the owner’s use of the land for seventy-five feet on either side of the line of poles. No haystacks, brush piles, sheds or barns could be placed thereon. This restriction was a sufficient defect in the de
It is next contended by the appellant that the plaintiffs
The appellant contends that the mortgage of the Banking Corporation of Montana, though unpaid and of record, is no encumbrance as against the plaintiffs. This contention is based on the fact that the plaintiffs were in possession of the land under the contract, though the contract was not of record, before the mortgage was executed and recorded. It is unnecessary for us to decide whether the mortgage or the contract would have priority under the facts as they appear.
The appellant next contends that the plaintiffs are not en-
The deed tendered ’ by the defendant on January 31 con-
Considerable testimony taken at the trial, as Arell as argument of counsel on the appeal, is devoted to the Avater right agreed to be conveyed. No useful purpose can be served by discussing the question connected with that issue. When a party seeks to rescind a contract upon several grounds, it is sufficient if he be sustained in one. (Black on Rescission, sec.
"We recommend that tbe judgment be affirmed.
Per Curiam : For tbe reasons given in the foregoing opinion, the judgment appealed from is affirmed.
Affirmed.