Appellant filed a suit in the state court alleging personal injury occurring while he was an employee in performance of his duties in interstate commerce. On the ground of diversity of citizenship, defendant filed its petition for removal charging that the allegation as to employment in interstate commerce was falsely and fraudulently made for the purpose of defeating the jurisdiction of the federal court, and it made allegations concerning the actual employment of plaintiff at the time of the accident. A motion to remand was denied, and, the plaintiff refusing to plead further, the action was dismissed for failure to prosecute, at plaintiff’s cost. From that judgment this appeal is brought.
The issues here involve the right of removal, and, while argued under different headings, may be resolved into two propositions.
1. The first of these proрositions is that plaintiff is either within the Missouri Compensation Law (Laws 1927, p. 490) or the Federal act; that if he is within the former, his remedy is before the Missouri State Commission and not before аny eourt, state or federal. Therefore, the federal court could not have had jurisdiction of the case had it been originally brought there, and, as no ease сan be removed unless the federal eourt might have had original jurisdiction, the federal court cannot possibly pass upon this matter by a motion to remand and, thus, retain a jurisdiction which it could not have originally.
The statutes (28 USCA § 71; 45 US CA § 56), expressly deny the right to remove cases brought under the Federal Employers’ Liability Act (45 USCA §§ 51-59). Whether a ease is brought under that act depends upon and is governed by the allegations of the petition (Great Northern Ry. Co. v. Alexander,
In the first- instance, the jurisdiction-of a eourt is to be determined by the allegations of the petition. If the present petition (with allegations as to interstаte commerce omitted) had been filed in the federal court, it would, undoubtedly, have had jurisdiction thereof unless defendant had been able, in some subsequent pleading, to convince the eourt that no jurisdiction attached. In short, the face of such a petition would be sufficient to invoke the jurisdiction of the federal court. This situation is in no wise changed where the case comes to the federal eourt through removal upon the ground of fraudulent statement, because the determination of the court (in connection with deciding its jurisdiction) that the case was not within the federal act left the petition as though that allegation were not in it and as though the action wеre one for a common-law liability outside of the federal act. If there existed reasons why that common-law liability had been withdrawn by state legislation, that must be made-tо appear to the eourt by answer or other appropriate pleading of the defendant. Therefore, the eourt could not, on the motion to remand, determine matters whieji might be-raised in later pleadings. Therefore, this contention of plaintiff is not well taken.
In this connection, the trial court was in error in his opinion in stating that in the trial in the federal eourt the question of whether the injury occurred in interstate commerce was still in the case and for the jury. The eourt cannot sustain its jurisdiction on the sole ground that a fact does not exist, and, thereafter, permit a jury (pos *635 sibly) to find that such fact does exist. Such a view would result in the anomalous situation of a recovery in a сourt which had no jurisdiction of the cause. It sometimes happens that a matter of fact, vital to the merits, must be decided by the court in determining its jurisdiction. Farmers’ Bank & Trust Co. Case, supra, page 27 of 25 F.(2d). Where such a matter of fact is so decided, it is determined for all purposes of the ease in that court.
The rights of the plaintiff are protеcted by the rule that the burden of proving the fraudulent allegations is on defendant, and, by the corollary thereto, that all situations of doubt are to be resolved in favor оf the plaintiff. C. & O. Ry. Co. v. Cockrell,
II. The second contention of plaintiff is that defendant has not sustained the burden of establishing that the allegation of interstate employment was false-and fraudulent. The facts make it very clear that, if the statement is false, it was also fraudulent; therefore, our only concern is whether the statement by the plaintiff in the petition is fаlse. This is to be determined not by his bare statement in the petition that the injury occurred while he was employed in interstate commerce, but it is to be tested by his state•ment of thе facts as to how the injury occurred and the facts stated in the removal petition upon the same matter.
The burden-of proof is upon the defendant to clearly establish the facts as alleged in its petition for removal.
The injury was caused by falling from a raised platform at the power house of defendant. This platform was used in сonnection with unloading cars of coal into the coal bins at that plant. There is no dispute that plaintiff was employed as a laborer in connection with the power plant. This plant furnished power to the repair shop and roundhouse and lights to passenger ears in service. In the repair shop, engines were given extended repairs and freight ears were repaired and rebuilt — both engines and ears were withdrawn from service during such time. In the roundhouse, engines were given repairs not requiring withdrawal from service and were “serviced” for running purposes.
Defendant 'contends that the plaintiff was engaged in unloading coal at and for the use of the power housе and while on his way to get a drink of water met with this injury. Plaintiff contends that he had been ordered to look after the coal and water in engines then in interstate service and wаs on his way to obey that order when he fell. The mere fact that plaintiff was going for a drink would not' remove him from the service he was then engaged in, and, if unloading the coal was sufficiently closely connected with interstate commerce, the federal act would govern (Erie Railroad Co. v. Szary,
This evidence was sharply in conflict. Four witnesses testified to statements made by plaintiff to each of them sepаrately that he was going for a drink of water. Three of these witnesses obtained signed statements from plaintiff to that effect, which were introduced. There was no' dispute аs to the signature of plaintiff thereto. Each of these statements was written by the witness. Plaintiff denies having said any such thing to these witnesses. A woman, who signed one of the statements as a witness, says plaintiff did not say any such thing to that witness. Plaintiff claims not to have read the written statements before signing.
Plaintiff testifies his foreman (McCracken) gave him the order to tend the engines. Another witness says he heard the order given. The foreman says he never gave such an order and did not see the plaintiff that night until after the accident.
Evidencе as to acceptance of benefits under the state act seems negligible, as it is not shown that plaintiff understood his rights in that respect, and the evidence is that as soon as he did so understand he refused further payments thereunder.
The situation is one mainly depending upon the credibility of witnesses. In this situation, the defendant has failed to sustain *636 the burden of clear proof, and for that reason the ease should be reversed, with directions to remand the case to the state court.