71 Ind. 306 | Ind. | 1880
This was a suit by the appellants, against the appellees, to obtain the review of a certain judgment.
The appellees demurred to the appellants’ complaint for want of sufficient facts therein to constitute a cause of action ; which demurrers were sustained by the court, and to this ruling the appellants excepted, and judgment was rendered against them for the appellees’ costs.
The appellants have assigned error, which presents for the decision of this court the single question of the sufficiency of the facts stated in their complaint to constitute a cause of action.
In their complaint, which was filed in the court below on the 22d day of August, 1877, the appellants, suing by their next friends, alleged, in substance, that the appellees, except the said Asemath Eitch, were the only heirs at law of Henry Eitch, deceased, who died on the — day of -, 187-, and whose estate was finally settled on the — day of-, 187-; that on the 11th day of May, 1870, the appellants, Matilda L. Boyd, then Matilda L. Ross, William Ross, Charles Ross and Sevellen Ross, were the owners in fee simple of said real estate, particularly described, in the town of New Castle, Henry county, Indiana, as the heirs at law of their mother, Bovina J. Ross, deceased; that, on said 11th day of May, 1870, the said Henry Eitch filed in the court of common pleas of Henry county his complaint against the said appellants, alleging and charging, that on the 20th day of July, 1865, he was the owner of said real estate, and by deed of that date conveyed the same to said Bovina J. Ross; that the sale was made to Sevellen Ross, who executed to said Henry Eitch his notes for seven hundred dollars, which were
First. No legal process was ever issued or served on the defendants in said cause, the appellants herein, as shown by the record of said cause ;
Second. It is not shown by the record in said cause, that process was ever served on the defendants therein, the appellants herein;
Third. There was no fiuding in said cause, that said Henry Eitch, the plaintiff therein, was ever the owner of said real estate, the truth being that he never was the owner thereof; but on the contrary, at the time of his alleged sale to said Sevellen Ross, the same was the property in fee simple of his wife, Matilda Eitch, the mother of said Bovina, and was conveyed by her to her said daughter;
Fourth. There was no finding in said cause for the plaintiff, on which to base the judgment therein;
Fifth. Said decree was rendered without any proof that said Henry Eitch ever owned said property, or owned it at the time of said alleged sale ;
Sixth. Said note for four hundred dollars, which was a part of the basis of said cause of action, in said suit, was never executed by said Sevellen Ross, which said Henry at all times well knew;
Seventh. Said notes were not, nor was either of them, given for the purchase-money for said real estate, and the finding, that they were, was procured by the false and fraudulent testimony of said Henry Eitch ;
jEighth. Said Sevellen Ross did not owe said Henry Eitch any thing whatever, and the finding and judgment, that he did, were procured by the false and fraudulent evidence of said Henry Fitch ;
Ninth. Said decree was procured by the false and fraudulent evidence of said Henry Eitch, in this, that, on the
Tenth. The complaint did not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action against the defendants therein named, the appellants in this suit; and,
Eleventh. At the time of the rendition of said judgment, the said court did not have jurisdiction of the said defendants in said cause.
Of all which the appellants averred, that said Asemath Fitch had full notice at the time she purchased said real estate at said sheriff’s sale, and that she in fact paid nothing therefor, either to said Henry Fitch or to the sheriff of said county. Wherefore, etc. -
The foregoing is a full, and in the main an almost literal, summary of the facts stated in the appellants’ complaint. It will be observed, that there is no averment therein, that the appellants, the plaintiffs below, were infants, under the age of twenty-one years, at the time of the commencement of this action. It is true that each of them sues by a next friend ; but, if they relied upon their infancy as affording them any ground for the maintenance of the suit, we think they should have alleged their infancy in direct terms, and should not have left it to inference merely. The presumption of infancy is never indulged. As a ground of relief, it must be alleged and proved; and, as matter of defence, it must be either pleaded or given in evidence. Pitcher v. Laycock, 7 Ind. 398.
But, so far as the question now before the court is concerned, it seems to us immaterial whether the infancy of the appellants was alleged in their complaint or not;
We proceed now to the consideration and decision of the questions in this case presented and discussed by appellants’ counsel, in their brief of this cause. Counsel say:
“ The questions presented by the first and second specifications in the foregoing complaint are : .
“1. Is a judgment taken against a minor, upon a summons directed to him, which is not attested by the seal of the court from which it issued, valid in an action brought b.y such minor to set aside the judgment, on account of such defect in the summons ?
“ 2. Is a judgment against a minor valid, when the record does not affirmatively show that he was served with process as against him, in an action brought to set the judgment aside on that ground ?
“ 8. When a judgment is rendered against a minor, and the record does not show any summons or service thereof, or any determination of the court on the question of notice, can the record he amended, or the judgment rendered valid, by affidavit or other evidence showing that a summons on file, among the papers in the cause, was in fact served on the defendants ?”
It seems to us, that the central idea in each and all of the foregoing questions is, that -the summons on file, among the papers in the cause, and set out in the record of the judgment sought to be reviewed and reversed, and the service thereof by the sheriff of Henry county, were necessarily and absolutely void, merely because such summons was not issued “ under the seal of the court,” from which it was issued, as the statute required that it should have
k< There are cases which hold, that writs without a seal are not void, but voidable only, and that they may be amended, after they have been served, by attaching the seal. We incline to follow that line of decisions which holds, that process, without the proper seal, is voidable only, aud therefore amendable, as being more in consonance with the general spirit of the law, which regards substance more than form.”
Section 37 of the code provides, that “ No summons, or the service thereof, shall be set aside, or be adjudged insufficient, where there is sufficient substance about either to inform the party oh whom it may be served, that there is an action instituted against him in court.” 2 R. S. 1876, p. 49. The summons complained of, in the case at bar, appears to have been perfect in every respect, except that it lacked the impression of the seal of the court. It was addressed to the sheriff of Henry county, who appears to have made return thereof, endorsed thereon over his official signature, to the effect that he had served the same by reading to and in the hearing of all the defendants therein
We are of opinion, therefore, that the summons and the service thereof, in the original action, were not void, though perhaps voidable, and therefore amendable; and that, until set aside in a proper application for that purpose, they and each of them may well be held to be sufficient. The court below, of its own motion, or upon the motion of any interested party, may at any time cause the proper seal to be affixed to the summons, and thus validate and render it effectual ab initio, for all purposes.
Our conclusion, therefore, is, that neither the summons, nor the service thereof, in the original case, constituted such error of law as afforded any sufficient ground for the review and reversal of the judgment complained of by the appellants.
None of the other specifications of error, assigned by the appellants in their complaint for review, except the tenth, present any question for the decision of this court. There was no motion for a new trial, in the original case, nor was there any bill of exceptions filed, containing the evidence or showing any alleged erroneous ruling on the trial of that case. In other words, there was no “ error of law appearing in the proceedings and judgment,” in the original case, for which a complaint for review would lie.
The tenth specification of error was, that the complaint in the original case did not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause against the defendants therein named, the appellants in this action. The question of the sufficiency of that complaint, however, is not presented and discussed by the appellants’ counsel, in their brief of this cause. This question must, therefore, under the settled practice of this court, be regarded as at least impliedly waived.
Upon the whole case, we are of the opinion, for the reasons
The judgment is affirmed, at the appellants’ costs.