Bowie v. Trowbridge

Dec 14, 1912
Reporters:
Before:
Sherwin
Sherwin, J.

Edward A. Oldfield, a resident of Carroll, Iowa, died testate December 2, 1910, and-the defendant, Wm. Trowbridge, was later appointed executor of his estate. On January 11, 1911, the plaintiff filed two claims against the estate, and later a petition was filed which embodied the ■ two claims. The first count of the petition alleged a promise of marriage and a breach thereof during the lifetime of the deceased, and asked damages on account thereof in the sum of $5,000, and the second count averred that in 1893 the plaintiff went to work for deceased on his farm at his instance and request and under an express agreement so to do; *100that plaintiff continued in the employment of deceased “from September, 1893, to September, 1910, except when temporarily away on a visit, and that the reasonable value of said services during all of said time was $5.00 per week. ’ ’ Plaintiff alleged that payments had been made to her from time to time ‍​​‌‌​‌‌‌​​‌‌‌‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​​​​‌​​‌​​​‌‌‌​‌‌​‌​​​​​‌​​‌‌​​‌‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‌​​​‌‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌‌‌‌​‍during said period, aggregating about $230, and she asked judgment for her services in the sum of $3,975. There was a denial of the allegations of the petition, and the defendant further pleaded that whatever breach there was of the agreement to marry occurred more than two years prior to the commencement of this action, and is barred by the statute of limitations. And, as to count 2 of the petition, the defendant alleged that all of said claim which accrued prior to five years before the commencement of this action is also barred by the statute. The case was tried to a jury, and a verdict was returned for the plaintiff for $5,000. This verdict was reduced $4,749.00 by the court, and plaintiff’s claim therefor was allowed. The defendant appeals.

1. Contracts : persona] services : recovery on quantum meruit: evidence. I. The plaintiff alleged that she went to work for the deceased under an express agreement that she should do so, and, as there is no direct evidence of such agreement, the appellant contends that plaintiff is not entitled to recover on that branch of her case. It is the rule in this state that, where the pleadings are based on an express agreement alone, no recovery can be had on a quantum meruit. Hunt v. Tuttle, 125 Iowa 676; Leonard v. Leonard, Adm’r, 134 Iowa, 131.

Direct evidence of such an agreement for employment is not necessary, however. If from all of the facts and circumstances appearing in the case it can fairly be said that there must have been such an agreement, it is sufficient.

In 1893 the plaintiff’s husband was living and she had five minor children. She then and at the time she went to work for the deceased lived with her children, and, so far as the record shows, with her husband also, in Mondamin, Harrison county. Oldfield was then living on a farm in Sac *101county, with his wife and family, consisting of several children, and it was to that farm ‍​​‌‌​‌‌‌​​‌‌‌‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​​​​‌​​‌​​​‌‌‌​‌‌​‌​​​​​‌​​‌‌​​‌‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‌​​​‌‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌‌‌‌​‍that the plaintiff went in the fall of 1893, leaving her family in Mondamin. Plaintiff was in no way related to the deceased, nor does it appear that they had been acquainted prior to 1892, or that their relations were unusually friendly or intimate at the time that she went to work for- him. As we understand the record, plaintiff lived in the house with the Oldfield family from the fall of 1893 until some time in the year 1894, when Oldfield brought her children to her from Mondamin, and thereafter she and her children lived in a small house on the farm for a number of years. Plaintiff’s husband died in 1894, but whether before or after the children were taken to the plaintiff in Sac county does not appear. It will be presumed, however, in the absence of any showing to the contrary, that plaintiff’s husband had the children with him, and, at least, assisted in their care until his death, and it will also be presumed that plaintiff was at work away from home for the common good of the family, and this because the law will not presume that she had deserted either her husband or her children. The record shows conclusively that plaintiff went to the Oldfield farm for the purpose of working, and that from the first she did do heavy manual labor and soon became of great value to deceased as a laborer. She worked in the fields, took care of stock, and performed any other work there was to do on the farm.

It is a general rule that the fact that one is found doing service for another is prima facie evidence of an employment. 26 Cyc. 1410; Perry v. Ford, 17 Mo. App. 212. And we think the circumstances surrounding the parties and their relationship as practical strangers raise the presumption that the plaintiff went to work for the deceased under an express agreement. It will be observed that there are no allegations ‍​​‌‌​‌‌‌​​‌‌‌‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​​​​‌​​‌​​​‌‌‌​‌‌​‌​​​​​‌​​‌‌​​‌‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‌​​​‌‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌‌‌‌​‍in the petition that there was an express agreement as to the compensation that should be paid for such services.

*1022 same - limitations. *101II. There was no error in overruling the defendant’s *102motion to strike ont all evidence relative to services rendered prior to five years before the commencement 0f this action. The evidence -as a whole tended to show that the service was continuous for the entire time up to at least within a year or two of the commencement of this action with the exception of one or two brief periods when plaintiff was absent on visits, and, such being the case, the statute did not begin to run. Kilbourn v. Anderson, 77 Iowa, 501; Asher v. Pegg, 146 Iowa, 541, 21 Cyc. 975, and cases cited on page 976.

3. Same : suspension of statute. III. Complaint is made of instructions 10 and 11, because they told the jury, in effect, that plaintiff’s cause of action for breach of promise of marriage would be barred, if the breach occurred more than two years prior to Oldfield s death. The death of Oldfield would not stop the running of the statute; and hence it was error to place the time at his death, instead of at the time when the action was commenced. Widner v. Wilcox, 131 Iowa, 223; Black v. Ross, 110 Iowa, 112. But it is doubtful whether this error in the instructions was prejudicial to the defendant, because of the fact that tile undisputed evidence shows that there was a breach of a renewed promise nothin two years prior to the commencement of the action.

4. Same: instruction. IV. In instruction 14 the court told the jury that plaintiff might recover on her claim for services, if it was found that she performed labor for Oldfield with his knowledge and consent, but without an express agreement fixing the compensation therefor, and that the law would presume that she wus to receive pay for such labor. This instruction was erroneous, because it directed a recovery for plaintiff on ‍​​‌‌​‌‌‌​​‌‌‌‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​​​​‌​​‌​​​‌‌‌​‌‌​‌​​​​​‌​​‌‌​​‌‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‌​​​‌‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌‌‌‌​‍the finding that she performed labor for Oldfield, regardless of the express agreement under which alone the plaintiff claimed. Leonard v. Leonard, supra; Hunt v. Tuttle, supra.

5. Same : instruction : amount of recovery: reversible error. V. The plaintiff claimed in her petition that her services *103per week during the entire time of her em-’ the trial there was evidence tending to show were worth $5 ployment. On that during a part of the time her services were reasonably worth $5.50 per week, and in the fourteenth instruction the jury was told that plaintiff should be allowed the reasonable value of her services, not exceeding the entire amount claimed therefor, which was $3,975, or $5 per week for the entire time. The instruction was erroneous in this respect, because there was evidence tending to show that plaintiff was not performing service for the deceased during several periods of a month or more, and it is manifest that the instruction authorized a recovery of more than the amount claimed per week. Miller v. Armstrong, 123 Iowa, 86; Baker v. Oughton, 130 Iowa, 35.

It being impossible to determine what amount was allowed to plaintiff for her services and what amount for breach of promise of marriage, there is no way of correcting this error, and it must be deemed prejudicial.

■ VI. Instruction No. 15 presented-an issue to the jury that was not in the case,, as we understand the record, but it was not in our judgment prejudicial to the estate.

VII. Appellant’s contention that the evidence is insufficient .to sustain the verdict and judgment cannot be sustained. In view of a retrial we shall- not discuss this feature of the case, but we are impressed with the merit of both claims made by the plaintiff.’

6. Appeal : notice sufficiency. VIII. Appellee moves to dismiss the appeal, because the notice thereof was signed by defendant’s attorney, and for alleged informalities, in the notice itself. The statute provides that an appeal is taken . an(j perfected by serving a 1 ‘notice in ‍​​‌‌​‌‌‌​​‌‌‌‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​​​​‌​​‌​​​‌‌‌​‌‌​‌​​​​​‌​​‌‌​​‌‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‌​​​‌‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌‌‌‌​‍writing oh the adverse party, his agent, or any attorney who appeared for him in the court below. . . There is no .requirement that the notice be signed by the appellant in -person, nor that his name be sighed thereto by his attorney *104or agent. Code, Section 319, authorizes an attorney to execute such notice in the name of his client, and we think it broad enough to authorize the attorney to sign such notice for his client. We think it the general rule that the attorney for the appellant may sign a notice of appeal as such attorney, where there is no statutory requirement otherwise. There is nothing in this motion and it is therefore overruled.

7. Same : abstract : cost printing. IX. Appellant’s motion to strike appellee’s amendment to abstract because the lines thereof are not numbered and because not indexed is overrujed, but the cost of printing such additional abstract will be taxed to the appellee. For the errors pointed out, the judgment is Reversed.