63 N.Y.S. 80 | N.Y. App. Div. | 1900
The principal question to be decided in this appeal is one of fact, that is, as to the verity of the agreement claimed by the defendant Alice Welch to have been made between her husband and Gershom Hanford for her benefit.
The solution of this question requires a somewhat extended discussion of the evidence in the case.
On the. 29th day-of January, 1887, a deed of the farm known as the Axfoi’d farm was given by William S. Welch and Alice Welch, his wife, to Gershom Hanford for the expressed consideration of $1,200 ; this deed was not recorded until, the 26th day of May, 1.898. Upon the same day a deed of the Grant farm was made by Gershom Hanford to William S. Welch for the expressed- consideration of $3,200; that deed has never been recorded. Upon the same day William S. Welch executed a mortgage upon the Grant farm, which purports’ to have been given as part of the purchase price of said premises, for the sum of $2,000, $50 to be paid on the 1st day of April, 1888, and $50 in each and every year thereafter, with annual interest upon all sums remaining unpaid. The mortgage was unaccompanied by any bond, and the clauses in the blank which was used, which referred to the matter of insurance and to a bond, are both erased. This mortgage was. recorded on the 31st day of December, 1892.
The referee has found that the difference in. value .between the farms was not to exceed $1,000. Upon the trial the' defendant
The defendant William S. Welch’s story of the reasons for such exchange made and the giving of such mortgage, is in substance as follows: The defendant and his wife Alice Welch, who was the niece of Gershom Hanford, and their four children had been living upon the Axford farm for some three or four years, when their house burned in the month of October, 188.6. The next day after the fire Mr. Hanford came over to the Axford place and asked Welch, to use Welch’s words, “ What we were going to do now, we had no place to live. I told him I did not exactly know just then. My father had made a proposition to me that I wanted to consider, and he said that when we got together to keeping house again, that he wanted us to move up on his farm-. He said he always calculated to do something for Alice, and he thought then was a time when it would do as much good as any other time, and may be more.”
The Welchs moved upon the Grant farm some time in the month of November, and according to Welch’s testimony there Were conversations relative to exchanging farms ; that Hanford came there quite frequently ; that in the first conversation “He asked me what I thought about trading. I told him I didn’t know; if he was going to do something for Alice, why he would have to have his own way, I supposed, about that; he could give her what he seemed disposed to give; and he said that he would change places — I give him a mortgage of $2,000, and all he would require on that mortgage would be what produce he wanted to use on his table that that farm would produce, and we had to spare. * * * I also was to work the lower place — that was the Axford place, we termed it the
Upon his redirect examination Mr. Welch testified: “ When I gave this mortgage to Mr. Hanford he said he would not have that mortgage recorded, because it was not his mortgage, he was only
Upon his recross-examination he testified as follows: “ That was just after the mortgage was signed; think it was the last thing that he said when we left the office. He had the mortgage and I had my deed and he had his deed. I let my §1,000 farm go and gave a mortgage for the value of the one I got back, because I thought my wife would get §1,000 worth of property from his at his death. I took no writing; I had just that confidence in Gershom Hanford. I don’t know why I didn’t have the deed made to my wife instead of to me. I don’t think it was ever mentioned". I did not owe any debts in those days. Some of these conversations were, in the presence of my wife; they were not always in her presence; she was at Hungerford’s office. Remember of three "conversations in particular and remember what I was doing; could not give dates. I did not know that he did put this mortgage on record ; I knew it last January. I saw the mortgage was put on record; that is the first I knew of it. It was recorded in ’92.”
There are indorsed upon the mortgage various amounts as having been paid thereon. William Welch testifies, however, that he never paid any money thereon ; that all that was received by Mr. Han-ford from him upon the mortgage was farm produce. Welch’s statement of the agreement in relation to the mortgage affords ■ an explanation of why he gave a mortgage for double the amount of the difference in value between the farm he received and the one he conveyed; and the fact that he gave back a mortgage for nearly if not quite the entire value of the farm conveyed to him, lends credibility to the story he tells as to the agreement to give the mortgage to his wife.
The appellant sought to corroborate her husband’s statement of the agreement by the evidence of several witnesses, who testified as to conversations with Mr. Hanford ; a Mr. Barto says that he overheard a conversation between Hanford and the defendant William S. Welch sometime in December, 1886, or the early part of January, 1887; that it was at the barn- of what is known as the Grant farm. Mr. Hanford said to Welch, “You have not told me how you
Another witness, one Sabin, who knew the parties, testifies as to having had a conversation with Hr. Hanford informing him of the trade that he had made with Welch. “ He; told me that Wm. gave him that Axford farm and a mortgage on this farm for $2,000. ‘Well,’ I said, ‘ Yon have got the- mortgage high enough.’ He says, ‘ Yes, that is just what I want;. I want the $2,000 to show good for the mortgage, because William may have mortgages and have judgments against him, and I want this to go to Alice when I die.’ He said he wanted the mortgage large enough to cover the whole farm, so that if judgment came ligainst him (Wm.) that Alice would hold it. * * * ‘This mortgage,’ he says, ‘you know is to go. to Alice at my death.’ We were talking about things that didn’t pertain to tins matter, some -things in regard to the family that I don’t want to tell. He said he didn’t pay any moneys they didn’t have to pay any money; from what they raised on the farm he got some things&emdash;-I think he said about thirty dollars a year.”
Another witness named Slocum testified as to having had a conversation with Hartford, saying: “ ‘ Uncle Gershom, you ought to help Alice all you can.’ He said, ‘ I have,’ he says, ‘ and I calcm late to;’ he says,, ‘I have n'ever got any money on that mortgage, and all I have ever had,’ he says, 1 is what I could get off from the place,’ and lie' mentioned some butter and eggs, and 1 think lie
“ He said he had never received any money on the mortgage; that all he had ever been paid on it was the stuff he had taken off from the place; and he said when I am gone it shall be her’s. I never
Also one Miller, who testified to having had a conversation with Mr. Hanford in the spring of 1892; that the witness, upon seeing Mr. Welch passing through his barn, said to Mr. Hanford: “‘Mr. Hanford, it is pretty hard work for farmers just now.’ ‘Yes,’ he said, ‘ but Will ought to keep straight, for I have got all the claim .there is against them.’ I says, ‘Have you got a claim against them ? ’ ‘ Y es,’ lie says, ‘ I have got a, claim of $2,000.’ I says, ‘That is more than it is worth.’ He says, ‘It don’t make any difference,’ he says, ‘ I told Allie she should have the mortgage when I was done with it.’ ”
A witness named Johnston also testified to having had a conversation with Mr. Hanford, in which he says: “ I asked Mr. Hanford who this place belonged to — referring to the place they live on, the Grant place — if that place belonged to Wm. Welch, or whether it was ih his wife’s name, and he says, ‘ I hold the mortgage on that ■place.’ I don’t remember that he told me the amount. He said he - had the mortgage ; I don’t believe he told me; he said he held the mortgage, but he intended that Alice should have the place when he was through with it. I believe that was all that was said in relation to this. It might have been that he said he held the mortgage for all it was worth, and Alice should have it when he was through with it; but I don’t remember; I can’t be positive about it.”
These several witnesses, were not shaken upon their cross-examination, but some of them gave some few additional details, which it is unnecessary to set forth here, as they neither weaken nor strengthen the claim of either party.
To controvert the claim of the defendant the plaintiff called but a single witness, one Samantha Hanford, a sister-in-law of Gershom Hanford, who testified that shortly after the probate of the will of Mr. Hanford, the defendant Alice Welch called at her house, and the witness testified that “ She asked me if I .knew about Uncle Gersliom’s will, and I told her I did. not. I can’t state just the words, but inquiring if I knew whether anything was left to her, or if the place was left to her; can’t tell just the words. I said I did
I do not think such testimony helped the case of the plaintiff. While Mr. Welch testified that some of the conversations relative to the conveyance of the farms and the- giving of the mortgage were in the presence of his wife, it was not claimed, or testified to, by him that Mr. Hanford promised his wife that lie would assign the mortgage to her or bequeath it to her ; his claim is that such agreement or promise was made with and to him for his wife’s benefit. Upon the whole it seems to me that if the testimony of Mrs. Hanford is of any effect, it is rather corroborative of the defendant’s theory than otherwise. It seems to me that the story of William Welch is abundantly corroborated. Corroborated, as before stated, by the undisputed fact of the giving of a mortgage for double the amount of the difference in value between the two farms; corroborated by the fact that nothing was paid upon said mortgage excepting ‘farm produce, the testimony of the witnesses Sabin and Slocum confirming the testimony of Welch in that respect; corroborated by the statements made by Hanford in his lifetime to the several witnesses whose testimony I have quoted, as to why he held the mortgage and what was to become of it upon his death.
It is claimed, however, that Welch’s story is improbable; that it is improbable that he would trust such an important matter to a man’s verbal promise; that if any such agreement had been in fact made it would have been embodied in the mortgage itself, or some other written memorandum made of it.
Undoubtedly it was a loose and improvident method of doing business.
But a large portion of the business that comes before our courts arises out of the loose and careless methods in which contracts are made, and while it calls upon the courts to scrutinize carefully the evidence by which they are sought to be established, and to require
And any presumption arising from the supposed improbability of such a method of doing business will not be permitted to outweigh clear and ample evidence that a contract was in fact made in such a manner.
With these considerations in mind, and after a careful consideration of the evidence, I am of the opinion that an agreement by the testator with William Welch, ór promise to him to assign the mortgage to the appellant Alice Welch, or bequeath it to her by will, is fully and amply established. There was a consideration for .such an agreement, in the conveyance of the, “Axford farm,” and also one from the appellant by her release of her right of dower in the - “ Axford farm.”
William Welcli has performed his- part of the agreement.
And “ it is undoubtedly the settled law of this State that ‘ where a certain and definite contract is clearly established, even though it involves an agreement to leave property by will, and it has been ~ performed on the part of the promisee, equity in a case free from all objections on account of the adequacy of the consideration or other circumstances rendering the claim inequitable, will compel a specific performance.’ ” (Gall v. Gall, 64 Hun, 601; Gates v. Gates, 34 App. Div. 608.)
Here there is no uncertainty o.r indefiniteness.
The court is not required to spell out or to patch up an agreement. It knows the specific property, the subject of the agreement, and exactly what is to be done with it. The subject of the agreement is certain and definite. A mortgage upon a named farm, given by the promisor to the promisee. What is to be done with it' is clear and precise. It is to be given to Alice Welch. How? Either by assignment or bequest.
There is a consideration for it, and the promisee has fully performed on his part.
Where an agreement is made by the husband for the benefit of his wife- with a third person, .and the husband has performed his part of the agreement, such agreement can be enforced by the wife. (Buchanan v. Tilden, 158 N. Y. 109.)
Ebr these reasons, the judgment appealed from as against the appellant Alice Welch should be reversed,, the referee discharged, and a new trial granted, costs to abide the event.
All concurred.
Judgment reversed upon the facts, referee discharged, and a new trial granted, costs to abide the event.
Sic.