86 Wis. 606 | Wis. | 1893
Although other questions are presented by the record, the single question indicated in the foregoing statement of facts is all that we find it necessary to consider. That question is whether the local agent, at the time the application for insurance is made, may effectually waive by parol the clause prohibiting future additional in-
There are numerous cases in this court holding that the local agent has implied authority, while making the contract of insurance, to waive stipulations or conditions inconsistent with facts then existing; at least, that he had such power prior to the passage of ch. 195', Laws of 1891. It has also been intimated that such a waiver might be made as to conditions prohibiting future acts or defaults. Schomer v. Hekla, Ins. Co. 50 Wis. 575, 580; Hankins v. Rockford Ins. Co. 70 Wis. 1, 5. One serious objection to holding such an attempted waiver effectual as to future conduct is well stated in the opinion in the Schomer Case, as follows: “Where the policy itself, as in the case before us, only permits, other insurance to a given amount, all negotiations of the parties upon that subject must be deemed to be merged in the written contract.” However, the question whether such a waiver of conditions as to future conduct could be effectual was not presented either in the Schomer Case or in the Hankins Case, and cannot therefore be said to have been decided. It may be said, and with some force, that in the case of Stanhilber v. Mutual M. Ins. Co. 76 Wis. 292, a waiver by the local agent of a condition as to future conduct -was held effectual, but there were'other facts present in that case, and we do not regard it as an adjudication in the affirmative of the proposition now before us. The question, therefore, must be considered as still open. In the absence of legislative action on the subject, it would certainly be a most interest ing question, and one not free from doubt. The objection to an affirmative answer, suggested in the Schomer Gase, is certainly a cogent one. Phœnix Ins. Co. v. Maxson, 42 Ill. App. 164.
However, there has been legislative action which, in our judgment, has an important bearing on the question, and
This act is broad and sweeping in' its terms and scope. It aims to bring order out of chaos. Prior to its passage there were as many different contracts of insurance as there-were companies. ' The variations^ and differences between-the conditions of the policies issued by the various insurance companies were almost infinite in number; new-clauses-
Thus much as to the purpose and probable effects of this law is apparent to the most superficial observer. More critical examination reveals the undoubted fact that the law was not passed solely for the protection of the insured. It provides, in clear and distinct'terms, that other conditions may be printed or written upon or attached to the policy, but that they shall not he inconsistent with nor a waiver of any of the provisions or conditions of the standard policy. In thus providing that other conditions may be incorporated in the policy by writing or printing, other methods are plainly excluded under familiar legal principles. The intent plainly was and is’ that, so far as the conditions and provisions of the standard policy go, they shall govern, and that they shall not be omitted, changed, or waived in any manner. Other provisions not conflicting with them may be added in writing or printing, but the conditions of the standard policy itself must remain unimpaired.
The condition here broken was one of the conditions of the standard policy. It is claimed that it was waived, not in printing or writing, but by mere word of mouth. Can this be successfully maintained? If so, then this part of
The law in question is substantially a copy of chapter 488 of the laws of the state of New York for the year 18S6. We are referred to the case of Quinlan v. Providence W. Ins. Co. 133 N. Y. 356, decided in 1892, where the court of appeals discuss the effect of that law, and say: “Now, as heretofore, it is competent for the parties to a contract of insurance, by agreement in writing or by parol, to modify the contract after the policy has leen issued, or to waive conditions or forfeitures.” This may well be so. Such a doctrine does not in the least militate against the position taken in the present case, and, as no such question is presented here, we express no opinion upon it.
By the Court.— Judgment reversed, and cause remanded for a new trial.