12This case involves an automobile accident wherein a courier driver changing lanes forced a fellow motorist into a bridge guard rail. The injured motorist and her family filed a personal injury suit against the courier driver, the courier broker, and the delivery service for whom the courier was making a delivery. The trial court granted summary judgment in favor of the courier broker and the delivery service, denied partial summary judgment to the plaintiffs on the issue of insurance coverage, and dismissed the plaintiffs’ suit. In this appeal, the plaintiffs appeal the judgment in favor of the courier broker. In a related appeal, 2016 CA 0135, the plaintiffs appeal the judgment granting the delivery service’s motion for summary judgment and denying the plaintiffs’ motion for partial summary judgment.
Hackbarth Delivery Services, Inc. is a earner for hire in the business of arranging deliveries. Subcontracting Concepts, Inc. (SCI) is an entity that brokers courier and messenger services, manages transportation resources for delivery services, and furnishes administrative services for its customers. In 2003, Hackbarth and SCI executed an Assignment Agreement, whereby SCI would provide “independent contractors” to Hackbarth to complete Hackbarth’s deliveries. In 2012, SCI and Shaundrieka Williams executed an Owner/Operator agreement, whereby Ms. Williams would be a courier driver. On April 3,2013, Ms. Williams was driving her brother’s vehicle eastbound over the Mississippi River Bridge from Port Allen to Baton Rouge, Louisiana, en route to make a delivery for Hackbarth. It is undisputed that, while changing lanes, Ms. Williams struck a vehicle being driven by Breanne Bouquet, who was also proceeding eastbound over the bridge on her way to work. Ms. Bouquet’s vehicle was forced into the bridge guard rail and she was injured.
Ms. Bouquet and her husband, Chris Bouquet, individually and on behalf of their two minor children, filed this suit against Ms. Williams; her brother, Anthony Williams; |aGEICO Casualty Company, her brother’s automobile insurer; and Liberty Mutual Fire Insurance Company, the Bouquets’ uninsured/underinsured motorist insurer. The Bouquets later settled their claims with the Williamses and GEI-CO and the suit was dismissed with prejudice as to these defendants.
After discovery, the Bouquets filed a motion for partial summary judgment contending that, as a matter of law, the Travelers policy afforded coverage to a “leased worker,” such as Ms. Williams, when she was involved in the accident while making a delivery for Hackbarth. Hackbarth and SCI then filed separate motions for summary judgment as to Ms. Williams’ status as an employee/independent contractor. After a hearing, the trial court took the matter under advisement. On August .13, 2015, the trial court signed two judgments: (1) one judgment granted Hackbarth’s motion for summary judgment, denied the Bouquets’ motion for partial summary judgment, and dismissed the Bouquets’ claims against Hackbarth and Travelers with prejudice; and (2) the other judgment granted SCI’s motion for summary judgment and dismissed the Bouquets’ suit.
In this appeal, the Bouquets challenge the trial court’s summary judgment in favor of SCI. We address only their first assignment of error in this appeal because it relates to SCI. Their second assignment of error relates only to the judgment in favor of Hackbarth and Travelers and will be addressed in the related appeal under this court’s docket number 2016 CA 0135.
The Bouquets contend the trial court erred in granting summary judgment to SCI, because there are genuine issues of material fact as to whether Ms. Williams was an independent contractor or employee of SCI.
A motion for summary judgment is properly granted if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions, together with affidavits, if any, admitted for purposes of the motion, show that there is no genuine issue as to material fact and that the mover is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. LSA-C.C.P. art. 966(B)(2) and (C)(1).
The movant bears the burden of proving that he is entitled to summary judgment. However, if the movant will not bear the burden of proof at trial on the subject matter of the motion, he need only demonstrate the absence of factual support for one or more essential elements of his opponent’s claim, action, or defense. LSA-C.C.P. art. 966(C)(2). If the movant points out that this absence of factual support, then the non-moving party must produce factual support sufficient to satisfy his evi-dentiary burden at trial. LSA-C.C.P. art. 966(C)(2). If the non-moving party fails to make this requisite showing, there is no genuine issue of material fact, and summary judgment should be granted. LSA-C.C.P. art. 966(C)(2); Fonseca v. City Air of Louisiana, LLC,
Under former LSA-C.C.P. art. 966(F)(2), a trial court could consider “[o]nly evidence admitted for purposes of the motion for summary judgment” in its ruling on the motion. But, in a case where cross motions for summary judgment were filed, the trial court was able to consider each party’s motion |Bas an opposition to the other parties’ motions and to consider all evidence offered on the cross motions. See Smart v. Calhoun, 49,943 (La.App. 2 Cir. 7/29/15),
In determining whether summary judgment is appropriate, appellate courts review evidence de novo under the same criteria that govern the trial court’s determination of whether summary judgment is appropriate. Fonseca,
Louisiana law governing the vicarious liability of an employer generally provides that employers are answerable for the damage occasioned by their employees in the | fiexercise of the functions in which they are employed. LSA-C.C. art. 2320. For an employer to be held liable for the actions of an employee under LSA-C.C. art. 2320, the plaintiff must show that an employer-employee relationship existed and that the employee’s tortious act was committed within the scope and during the course of employment. Fonseca,
The distinction between an employee and an independent contractor is a factual determination that must be decided on a case-by-case basis. Tower Credit, Inc. v. Carpenter, 01-2875 (La. 9/4/02),
The following evidence of the relationship between Ms. Williams, SCI, and Hackbarth was before the court on the cross motions for summary judgment. Lin-der the 2003 Hackbarth/SCI Assignment Agreement, Hackbarth paid SCI to be “the primary provider of brokered transporta
Robert Slack, SCI’s chief operating officer, described SCI as a “back office administrator” or a “vendor payment company’' who referred courier drivers to delivery companies and processed settlements. Mr. Slack confirmed that SCI was not a delivery service itself, did not direct courier drivers to accept or how to perform their deliveries, and that courier drivers were responsible for their equipment, necessary repairs, taxes, and insurance. Under the 2003 Hackbarth/SCI Assignment Agreement, SCI had the complete discretion to retain and recommend courier drivers to furnish services to Hackbarth as well as the complete discretion to terminate those same courier drivers.
The 2012 Owner/Operator agreement between SCI and Ms. Williams further described the nature of the parties’ relationship. The Owner/Operator agreement contains the following terms, among others: the agreement did not create an employer/employee relationship between SCI and Ms. Williams; Ms. Williams had the discretion to accept or reject any delivery assignment from SCI’s customers; Ms. Williams had the right to.provide and utilize qualified licensed drivers to perform her delivery assignments; SCI had no control over Ms. Williams’ pick-up or delivery methods; Ms. Williams was responsible for her own vehicle maintenance and her own automobile and liability insurance; she was also responsible’ for paying all expenses during her deliveries, such as tolls, fuel, garaging, and parking, as well as any applicable taxes; Ms. Williams was paid a negotiated fee for each completed delivery after she submitted completed paperwork and an invoice to SCI; and, the duration of the agreement was 90 days from its execution, was subject to renewal, and could be canceled at any time by SCI or Ms. Williams upon written notice.
IsThe Bouquets contend that summary judgment is not warranted in this case based on the Louisiana Supreme Court’s reversal of this court in Robicheaux v. Tate,
Based on the evidence before it, this court in Robicheaux found that it was “clear” that the courier driver and vehicle owner there were independent contractors. Id. And, in affirming summary judgment in favor of the defendants, this court noted that “[t]he control actually exercised by SCI/Hackbarth over [the courier driver and vehicle owner] was minimal, and clearly indicative of an independent contractor relationship, rather than an employer-employee relationship.” Id. However, despite what appeared to be “clear” evidence, the Louisiana Supreme Court later granted Ms. Robieheaux’s writ application, reversed and vacated the summary judgment, and remanded the ease for further proceedings. Robicheaux v. Tate, 13-0176 (La. 4/1/13),
We are puzzled as to what material factual issues remained in Robicheaux so as to preclude a finding that the courier driver there was an independent contractor. And, we note that SCI does not attempt to distinguish Robicheaux on appeal. However, given that the evidence in the present case provides less support for Ms. Williams’ independent contractor status than that in Robicheaux, we are constrained to reverse the summary judgment here in favor of SCI and to remand this matter for further proceedings.
CONCLUSION
For the above reasons, the August 13, 2015 judgment, granting Subcontracting Concepts, Inc.’s motion for summary judgment, and dismissing the claims of Breanne and Chris Bouquet, individually and on behalf of their two minor children, against Subcontracting Concepts, Inc., is reversed. This matter is remanded for further proceedings. Costs of this appeal are assessed to Subcontracting Concepts, Inc.
REVERSED AND REMANDED.
Notes
. By order dated May 12, 2016, this court denied the Bouquets’ motion to consolidate the appeals but ordered that they be assigned to the same appellate panel and docket.
. Liberty Mutual later filed a cross claim against Hackbarth and SCI to recover UM coverage payments it made to the Bouquets— that cross claim is not at issue here. Also, the Bouquets’ claims against Bush Truck Leasing, Inc., another originally named defendant, were ultimately dismissed without prejudice.
. The trial court signed the summary judgment on August 13, 2015, and it is therefore governed by the version of LSA-C.C.P. art. 966 in effect after its amendment by 2014 La. Acts No. 187. Although LSA-C.C.P. art. 966 was also later amended by 2015 La. Acts No. 422, the provisions of Act 422 do not apply to any motion for summary judgment pending adjudication or appeal on the effective date of the act, January 1, 2016. See 2105 La. Acts No. 422, § 2; Ciolino v. FirstGuar. Bank,
. We note that, under the new summary judgment law enacted by 2015 La. Acts No. 422, LSA-C.C.P. art. 966(D)(2) provides the following regarding what evidence the trial court may consider on a motion for summary judgment:
The court may consider only those documents filed in support of or in opposition to the motion for summary judgment and shall consider any documents to which no objection is made. Any objection to a document shall be raised in a timely filed opposition or reply memorandum. The court shall consider all objections prior to rendering judgment. The court shall specifically state on the record or in writing which documents, if any, it held to be inadmissible or declined to consider. We need not decide whether consideration of the summary judgment evidence in this case would be the same under the new law.