3 N.J. Eq. 231 | New York Court of Chancery | 1835
This is a bill by residuary legatees, for an accouut generally, and for payment of the balance found due. Priscilla Scott died in 1797, leaving a last will and testament, of which Jonathan Scott was appointed the executor.- After ordering her debts and expenses to be paid, and making some small bequests, she gave the residue of her estate, all of which consisted of personal property, to the children of her two daughters, Hannah Boulton and Esther Johnson, to be paid to them in equal portions as they should severally arrive at age. The inventory amounted to three hundred and seventy-nine pounds eleven shillings and eleven pence — equal to one thousand and twelve dollars and twenty-six cents ; and the bill charges- that after paying the debts and expenses,- there remained in the hands of the executor a considerable balance as the residuum of the estate. That the said executor paid at different times to each of the residuary legatees under the will,- the sum of twenty pounds in the whole, and no more; and without having made any settlement of the estate in the orphans’ court, he departed this life in 1831, intestate; whereupon administration upon his estate and effects was granted to Henry Scott and Robert J. Sutton. The bill then, after stating various pretences of the said defendants, and among others, that the said administrators had obtained letters of administration de bonis non cum testamento annexo, of the goods, rights and credits of Priscilla Sc.ott, deceased, in February, 1831, and
The answer of the administrators of Jonathan Scott, stating themselves to be also administrators of Priscilla Scott, de' bonis non cum testamento annexo, admits the will of Priscilla Scott, the inventory, &c. It states that they loaned eight hundred dollars to one John Hoskins, on his bond, and that he was in flourishing business; that he paid the interest for fourteen years, and in 1820 became insolvent; that the administrators received ten per cent of the amount due, being all that could be obtained. The administrators admit that Jonathan Scott,, as executor, did not render an account of his administration of the estate, and allege that they do not know what amount came to his hands.
They admit that after the death of Jonathan Scott, they took out letters of administration upon his estate, and also letters of administration - with the-will annexed upon the goods, &c. of Priscilla Scott,: not administered. Finding no account of the property of Priscilla Scoltj ‘ that had come to the-hands of Jonathan Scott, they caused' oh procured an appraisement to be made
Considerable testimony was taken respecting the alleged loss-of the money loaned to Hoskins, but the whole of it was very properly laid- out of the case upon the argument. The evidence is not such-as to authorize any claim for allowance.
The defendants admit the- claim of the complainants to a- certain extent; that is to say, they admit there is in their hands as-administrators de bonis non cum testamento annexo of Priscilla Scott, deceased, the amount found due from them by the decree' of the-orphans’ court, and for which they are ready to account. With this the complainants are not satisfied. They insist that-inasmuch as-the decree was made and the account passed without lawful notice, and as there is fraud and mistake in it, it forms-' no bar to their clgim for a general {recount. Jri answer to this, the defendants allege that there was lawful notice, and that if it be a proper subject for the inquiry of this court at this time, th©
1. As to the notice given by the administrators. Upon this point, the judgment and decree of the orphans’ court is final and conclusive on this court, it cannot review the decree of the orphans’ court, nor consider it as a nullity. That court has adjudicated upou the subject, and it has decreed that due and legal notice of the intended settlement was given. That fact forms a part of the sentence of the court; and that sentence being now set up as a bar, this couit cannot go into the question of irregularity, but must take it that the fact was properly and sufficiently proved. I do not mean to say that the want of legal notice might not be assigned for cause of error, in a proceeding fitly brought, to reverse and set aside the decree, before a proper tribunal. With that question I have nothing to do.' I desire to be understood as simply saying, that the fact that these defendants, as administrators de bonis non, &c. of Priscilla Scott, gave notice that they would settle their account as such administrators, ■must be taken as conclusively settled by the orphans’ court.
It will be observed that there is no charge of fra ud connected with the charge of want of notice. It is not alleged that under an insufficient notice they proceeded to settle matters that did not .appertain to their office, and that they made such nolice a cloak •and thereby deceived others. Something of that kind was hinted at in the argument; but there ijk,nothing of it charged in the bill. That seeks to avoid the decree upon the final account, on -two grounds only; the one is want of notice, the other fraud and mistake apparent on the face of the account itself. I think that upon general principles, weil established, this court cannot inquire into the fact of notice. Such was the opinion of the court in the case of Burtis v. Adm’rs of Hopkins. To a bill for an account and to avoid a settlement of an insolvent estate, made in the orphans’ court of the county of Monmouth, on the ground that the
But if I should be in error on this point, I am of opinion that . the fact of notice is sufficiently established. The court, upon the allowance of the account, certify, that it appears to them that it has been advertised according to law; and this certificate is founded on the affidavit of the two administrators, taken before the surrogate in the usual form. Besides this, two witnesses have testified to haying seen notices posted up in public places in the county. One saw a notice at Rogers’s public house in Burlington city, and the other saw one at Bustleton in said county; both informing that the defendants, as administrators of Priscilla Scott, deceased, intended to exhibit their final account at the August term (1831) of the orphans’ court of the county of Burlington. This evidence, Í apprehend, would be sufficient, if it were incumbent on the defendants to establish and prove the fact.
2. The next ground taken by the complainants is, that there is fraud and mistake apparent on the face of the account; and therefore they are entitled to have the account restated, it forming no bar to their claim.
The defendants, as has already been stated, deny the fact, and they deny .the jurisdiction of the court to inquire into the fact.
It wjll be proper to ascertain, in the first place, whether the court has jurisdiction. If it has not, it will be saved the trouble .of an investigation.
Fraud is one of the most extensive and useful heads of equity jurisdiction ; and in the exercise of its power under this head, the qourt has exerted its aid for the relief of parties, whether the subject infected with fraud was a simple contract, a deed or a judgment. The judgments of courts of law are liable to be relieved against, on account of fraud in the procurement of them ; and such has been the practice of this court from ..the earliest periods of its history. Vide Barnesley v. Powell, 1 Vesey, 289. Awards, if fraudulently obtained, may be set aside in equity: Brown v.
It is unnecessary to multiply authorities on so plain a proposition. The general principle can admit of no dispute at this day, and it must apply to decrees or judgments of the orphans’ court equally with the judgments of other courts, unless there be some special exemption in favor of that tribunal. This exemption is set up and attempted to be maintained by the counsel of the defendants. They contend that the account is final and conclusive by the act relating to the settlement of accounts in the orphans’ court, except in certain cases of fraud or mistake; in which cases the party injured may apply to have the account opened and restated; and that the resettlement must be by and in the orphans’ court, and none other. This position cannot be maintained upon principle. It is founded on an erroneous view of the general power of this court, and the true construction of the act of the legislature. When the act declares the sentences and decrees of the orphans’ court final and conclusive, it only places them on a footing with the judgments of other courts. It does not takeaway the general jurisdiction of the court of chancery. It certainly does not in positive terms, and it is not called for by necessary implication, even if such result could he produced by implication. So when the statute gave the orphans’ court power to open its own decrees upon certain conditions, in cases of account, whereby important facilities were afforded to the correct administration of justice, it
This question is not a new one. It was raised and much discussed in the case of Burtis v. Hopkins, before referred to. Chancellor Williamson then, in a very learned and conclusive opinion, repudiated the doctrine now contended for, and decided that our statutes in regard to the settlement of accounts in the orphans’ courts, did not at all interfere-with or abridge the jurisdiction of this court over the same subject matter.
The following is an extract from the opinion delivered in that case: — “But it was argued that the legislature have, by positive enactment, declared that the sentence or decree of the orphans court on the final settlement and allowance of the accounts of executors, &c. shall be conclusive upon all parties, and exonerate and discharge them from the demands of creditors, except in the cases there provided for. But this provision was only intended and designed to make the decrees of the orphaus’ court as conclusive as the judgments of other courts; and the general principle is, that the judgment of every court of competent jurisdiction, directly upon the matter, is conclusive in any other court: Bull. 243, 244. But fraud infects the judgment itself, and, in the language of lord Hardwicke, annuls the whole in the consideration of this court. Nor can the authority given to the orphans court to correct their own sentences and decrees, where a party applying for a resettlement shall prove some fraud or mistake therein to the satisfaction of the said orphans’ court, oust this court of jurisdiction. But it does most clearly prove, that the legislature had no intention to afford protection to fraud. This provision was evidently intended to give to those courts authority to correct their own decisions, where some estate not inventoried or accounted for, should afterwards be discovered, or where an allowance of some item had been fraudulently obtained, or some
Upon the strength of this opinion, and the cases which have been cited, all founded upon the general law and practice of the court, I think there can be no doubt that this court has power to relieve against the decrees of the orphans’ court, where there is fraud apparent on the face of them, or where they are fraudulently obtained.
It remains, then, to inquire, whether there be in this case such fraud as will call for the interference of this court.
Th© charge ia tibe bill is3 “ that there is fraud and mistake
It appears that the inventory was made in August, 1797, and’ amounted to three hundred and seventy-nine pounds eleven shillings and eleven and a half pence'. It was all convertible into money. The vendue of the goods and chattels took place in' September, 1797;' and on comparing the vendue list with the inventory, there appears to have been no loss, but rather a gain. The debts were few and of small amount, and were'speedily paid, and it is- fair' to suppose that the balance of the property Was in hand to meet the exigencies of the estate; A portion of each legacy was paid' to the several legatees as they came of age." The last two payments were made in 1825. The court have charged the accountants on tire debit' side of the account with the amount of the inventory, and' with interest to the amount of eighty-four pound's nine shillings and seven pence — two hundred and twenty-five dollars and twenty-five cents; and after deducting the sums paid' for debts and expenses, and also the payments-made on the legacies, they decreed a balance in the hands of the administrators of one hundred and eighty-seven dollars and-eighty-four cents. I am satisfied that this amount is much too small, taking the documents.as a guide. I have made a calca- .
It does not appear to be right: and yet I am unable to come to the conclusion, that this is such a fraud as will authorize this court to interfere and treat this decree as a nullity. I can discover no fraud in the procurement of this decree ; nothing like a concealment or misrepresentation of facts or circumstances, whereby the accounting officer or the court could have been misled or deceived. Nothing appears here that did not appear before the orphans’ court. That court were the proper and legal judges of the amount of interest with which the accountants were to be charged according to the circumstances of the case. They investigated the subject, and adjudged upon it. Their judgment may be erroneous ; they may have thought proper to charge no interest, on the ground that none was received, or upon some other ground which cannot now be ascertained. This court is not, therefore, to conclude that it was occasioned by fraud or concealment on the part of the administrators.
There are very many cases where accounts are settled in the orphans’ court, in which it will appear upon inspection, that the full amount of interest which might be charged according to the face of the account, has not been charged. It would be a dangerous doctrine to establish, that in all such cases the decrees should be considered as nullities; or that, upon a bill filed, the deficiency of interest should be considered sufficient evidence of fraud in the decree. It is not enough that the orphans’ court may have erred in judgment, as to a subject matter properly be
The case of Richmond et ux. v. Tayleur, 1 P. Wms. 734, was where a bill was filed by husband and wife to set aside a former decree obtained against the wife while an infant, by fraud' and collusion. Lord Macclesfield said, if any fraud or surprize' upon the court had been proved, he would have set aside the decree ; but on the contrary, it appeared that the court was fairly and fully apprized of the case, of the articles, and' of the point in question, and had thought fit to make a decree, which, as it might be a just one, therefore he would not set it aside. In another report of the same case, the court is reported as saying, that inasmuch as the decree was not fraudulent, though in every respect not so equitable, the court would not set it aside: 1 Will. Rep. 734. From this it would appear, that although a judgment may not be entirely just or equitable,-yet unless it be infected with fraud, the consideration or propriety of the judgment cannot-be inquired into ; and such is the opinion of the court in French et al. v. Shotwell, 6 John. Chan. R. 235.
This- is the true doctrine of- the court-. It will not undertake to'review the sentences or judgments of other tribunals, to ascertain whether they have erred in the exercise of their judicial power or discretion in matters over which they had complete jurisdiction. This is not' the province of a court of equity. It sits not in judgment on the lawful acts of other tribunals, however mistaken those acts maybe. It seeks to detect and relieve against fraud in the procurement of such- acts. It deals with the consciences of parties, and not with the opinions of courts.
It was wisely said by lord Redesdale, in Bateman v. Willoe, 1 Scho. and Lef. 204, that if a matter has already been investigated in a court of justice, according to the ordinary and comtnon rules of investigation, a court of equity cannot take on itself to enter on it again. And in the same case, the chancellor says, “ there may be cases.cognizable at law and also in equity, and of which cognizance cannot be effectually taken at law, and
Under this view of the case, 1 am clearly of opinion that the complainants have failed in establishing this charge of fraud, which is the only one that could avail them, in avoiding the decree of the orphans’ court.
There was another charge set up in the argument. The complainants contended that the administrators, in their capacity of administrators de bonis non of Priscilla Scott, had settled the •whole estate of Priscilla Scott, as well that part which had come to the hands of Jonathan Scott the executor, as that which had .come to their own hands as administrators de bonis non ; that this was calculated to deceive parties interested, and ought not to be held conclusive.
I consider this quite too technical a matter to be the foundation for a charge of fraud, even if the complainants were right in their view. I apprehend, however, that the settlement, as made by the defendants, in their character of administrators de bonis non of Priscilla Scott, was properly made. As administrators of Jonathan Scott, they did not represent Priscilla Scott. When Jonathan Scott, the executor, died intestate, Priscilla Scott was also intestate. The right to settle or meddle with her estate was not in the administrators of Jonathan Scott, as such. It belonged to the law to appoint a suitable person to take charge of that estate, for the benefit of those entitled. The legatees could not ■call on the administrators of Jonathan Scott for payment of the
If there be any irregularity, it is rather on the part of the complainants, who have proceeded against the defendants as administrators and representatives of Jonathan Scott, and not as representatives of Priscilla Scott. As they have answered in both characters, without exception, and admitted themselves liable to a certain amount; have contested the charge of fraud; and as the matter has been fully investigated, and complete justice may be done, it would be a useless expense to turn the parties round at this stage of the case. The proceedings would be more regular if the process were amended so as to reach the defendants in both characters.
The complainants are entitled to a distribution of-the amount in the hands of the administrators, according to their respective rights, with interest from the date of the decree of the orphans’ court, and they are entitled to their costs out of the estate.
The bill must be dismissed as against the heirs at law of Jonathan Scott, deceased ; and as there is no allegation in the bill of the personal assets of Jonathan Scott being insufficient for the payment of claims against his estate, and the sum in dispute was at most but small, it must be dismissed as to them with costs.
Decree accordingly.