7 Pa. Commw. 362 | Pa. Commw. Ct. | 1973
Opinion by
This is an appeal from an Order, dated June 12, 1972, of the Environmental Hearing Board (Board) reinstating and amending an Order of the Air Pollution Commission
This is the second time this case has been before this Court, and the subject Order of the Board is the result of a remand order issued by this Court on July 9, 1971. For a proper understanding of the holding of this Court in this case, it is essential that the reader refer to our prior Opinion and Order at Bortz Coal Company v. Commonwealth, 2 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 441, 279 A. 2d 388 (1971), for the reason that everything we said there is affirmed herein without reiteration and said Opinion and Order are made a part hereof by reference^ thereto.
The records made at the original hearing and remand hearing revealed that Bortz has owned and oper-. ated approximately 70 beehive coke ovens at its Smith-field Plant for about 50 years. The ovens were built in 1898 and have been in operation since that time. For the past eight or nine years, the Commonwealth’s air pollution authorities have been in contact with Bortz concerning the emissions of smoke and particulate matter from the ovens, the culmination of which resulted in various orders of the Commission ordering Bortz to comply with the rules and regulations of what is now known as the Department of Environmental Resources (DER). We remanded the case back to the Commission because of our holding that the Commission had not proven the alleged violation by substantial evidence. The record in the original hearing indicated, that the
Subsequent to the original hearing, the Environmental Hearing Board, mandated by Act No. 275, was instituted and organized and the remand hearing ivas held before P. E. Waters, Esq., one of the three members of the Board, sitting as a Hearing Examiner. (See 71 P.S. §510-21 [f]) At the remand hearing, DER presented evidence through the testimony of four employes of DER, who qualified as experts in their respective fields under the general heading of Air Pollution. Unlike the original hearing, DER presented substantial evidence of air pollution caused by the emissions from Bortz’s coke ovens, as measured and determined by the use of a recognized scientific testing device known as a Ringelmann Chart.
Bortz has presented to us three of the same constitutional issues which it presented to us at the prior argument, namely,
1. Does the Air Pollution Control Act, Act of January 8, 1960, P. L. 2119 (1959), as amended, 35 P.S. §§4001 et seq., constitute an unlawful delegation of legislative authority to the Air Pollution Commission and Department of Health (now under DER) ?
2. Will the enforcement of the rules and regulations of the Commission constitute a confiscation of property without due process of law in violation of the Constitutions of the United States and Pennsylvania?
3. Does the Air Pollution Control Act constitute an unlawful discrimination in violation'of the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment of the United States Constitution and Art. Ill, §32 of the Pennsylvania State Constitution?
- We will not reiterate all that we said in Bortz Coal Company v. Commonwealth, supra, except to say that we affirm our prior holding that neither the Act nor the rules and regulations of the Commission violate any of Bortz’s constitutional rights.
The only other issues raised by Bortz are whether the evidence presented by DER is sufficient to establish a violation under the Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission, and whether the action of DER was arbitrary and capricious.
Our review of the, record made at the remand hearing permits us to conclude that DER has presented substantial evidence of a violation of §1.3(l)
“Limits for Particulate Matter Emissions.
“In the absence of a determination by the Commission imposing more stringent or less stringent limits, as provided for in Section 1.4 of this regulation, a local air pollution problem shall be deemed to exist: (1) If any person causes, suffers, alloivs or permits smoke from any combustion unit, the shade or appearance of which is darker than No. 2 of the Ringelmann Smoke Chart, to be emitted into the outdoor atmosphere. Exception : Smoke emitted during the cleaning of the fire box or the building of a new fire may be darker than No. 2 of the Ringelmann Smoke Chart for a period or periods aggregating not more than six minutes in any sixty consecutive minutes.” Bortz has in no way attacked the reasonableness of this regulation. Bortz has not offered any evidence that §1.3(1) is in any way technically unclear, unreasonable or unknown to Bortz. The record establishes that DER presented eAridenoe through a qualified expert in air pollution Avho used the available and recognized scientific equipment to test the emission of smoke from Bortz’s coke ovens and the unrefuted conclusion that these tests indicated a violation of §1.3(1) of the rules and regulations of the Commission. Therefore Ave conclude that the Board did not abuse its discretion or commit an error of la.w.
Bortz also contends that DER acted in an arbitrary and capricious manner in failing to acquiesce to the Bortz request that it be given an additional three years to phase out its coke ovens for the reason that Bortz apparently has conceded that it cannot bring the ovens Avithin the acceptable standards of emission under the rules and regulations of DER. As we stated in the prior Boris case, supra: “As is clearly shown in the order of the Air Pollution Commission from which this appeal
Therefore we are left with no other alternative but to affirm the Order of the Board. However, the Order directed Bortz to operate its coke ovens in accordance with §1.3(1) on and after September 1, 1972, and re
The Air Pollution Commission and parts of the Department of Health were combined and transferred in the new Department
The Commonwealth experts- not only used the Ringelmann Smoke Chart, they also used an MSA Smokescope and a Plibrico Smoke Chart in their determination that the smoke plumes from the Bortz coke ovens were in violation of §1.3(1). Unlike the evidence produced at the original hearing, DER has now more than adequately proven its case.
Section 1.3(1) lias been superseded by DER, but the new (and more stringent) rule is not applicable to this case.
The only reservation we have with the Board’s adjudication is its reference to a California case wherein there is an inference that visual observations without the use of the available and recognized scientific testing equipment may present substantial evidence. Counsel for DER insists that such evidence should be considered substantial evidence. Notwithstanding what the California or Oregon Courts may have said, the law in this State is as was established in the prior Bortz, supra, Opinion, until changed by the Legislature or by our Supreme Court.