61 P. 1135 | Or. | 1901
Opinion on the Merits
On the Merits.
delivered the opinion of the court.
The single question presented on this appeal is whether the will of an unmarried woman is revoked by her subsequent marriage. The statute (Hill’s Ann. Laws, § 3072) passed in 1853, and continued in force by the constitution, Art. XVIII, § 7, expressly so declares. But it is contended that it has been repealed by sections 780, 2992, and 2998, which read as follows:
“A written will cannot be revoked or altered otherwise than by another written will, or another writing of the testator, declaring such revocation or alteration, and executed with the same formalities required by law for the will itself; or unless the will be burnt, torn, canceled, obliterated, or destroyed, with the intent and for the purpose of revoking the same, by the testator himself, or by another person, in his presence, by his direction and consent; and when so done by another person, the direction and consent of the testator, and the fact of such injury or destruction, shall be proved by at least two witnesses. ’■’ Section 780.
“The property and pecuniary rights of every married woman at the time of her marriage, or afterwards acquired by gift, devise, or inheritance, shall not be subject to the debts or contracts of her husband, and she may manage, sell, convey, or devise the same by will to the same extent and in the same manner that her husband can property belonging to him.” Section 2992.
“All laws which impose or recognize civil disabilities upon a wife which are not imposed or recognized as existing as to the husband are hereby repealed; provided, that this act shall not confer the right to vote or hold office upon the wife, except as is otherwise provided by law, ’ ’ etc. Section 2998.
This brings us to a consideration of the effect of sections 2992 and 2998. At common law a woman lost the control and disposition of her property and her testamentary capacity by her marriage, and therefore a will previously made by her was revoked: Schouler, Wills (2 ed.), § 424. Recent legislation in many of the states in this country, however, has removed the common-law disabilities of married women, and vested them
In Brown v. Clark, 77 N. Y. 369, Mr. Justice Andrews, in discussing the question says: “The language of the statute that the will of an unmarried woman shall be deemed revoked by her subsequent marriage is the declaration of an absolute rule. The statute does not make the marriage a presumptive revocation, which may be rebutted by proof of a contrary intention, but makes it operate eo instanti as a revocation. * * * It is claimed by the contestants that the testamentary capacity conferred upon married women by the recent statutes in this state takes away the reason of the rule of the common law,and that upon the maxim,‘Cessante rations legis,cessat lex ipse,’ the rule should be deemed to be abrogated. Upon the same ground it might have been urged at common law that the marriage of a feme sole should only be deemed a revocation or suspension of her prior will during the marriage, and that when the woman’s testamentary capacity was restored by the death of her husband leaving her surviving the will should be revived; but the contrary was well settled. * * * But the courts cannot dispense with a statutory rule because it may appear that the policy upon which it was established has ceased. The married women acts confer testamentary capacity upon married women, but they do not undertake to interfere with or abrogate the statute prescribing the effect of marriage as a revocation. It was quite consistent that the legislature should have intended to leave the statute of 1830 in force, although the new statutes took away the reason upon which it was based. The legislature may have deemed it proper to continue it for the reason that the new relation created by the marriage would be likely to induce a change of testamentary intention, and that a disposition by a married woman of her property by will
Especial stress is laid on section 2998. That section, however, is applicable alone to married women. It was intended to repeal all laws which impose or recognize civil disabilities upon a wife which are not imposed or recognized as existing as to the husband, except the right to vote or hold office; and so it has been construed in King v. Voos, 14 Or. 91 (12 Pac. 281); Ingalls v. Campbell, 18 Or. 461 (24 Pac. 904); First Nat. Bank v. Leonard, 36 Or. 390 (59 Pac. 873). But, before a woman can be brought within the operation of this statute,
These views lead to the affirmance of the decree of the court below, and it is so ordered. Affirmed.
Note. — Revocation of a Woman’s Will by her Subsequent Marriage.
Note. — Meaning of word “unmarried.”
Lead Opinion
On Motion to Advance for Hearing.
Submitted without oral argument.
Motion Overruled.