Plaintiff Edwin A. Bond appeals as of right the judgment entered in his favor and against defendant Michigan Department of Natural Resources, challenging both the amount of damages awarded to him and the court’s denying him a jury trial. Defendant dnr cross appeals that same judgment, arguing, in essence, that the court erred by finding a taking. We reverse the trial court’s decision that a taking occurred.
The events giving rise to plaintiff’s action for just compensation for a taking of his land began in 1977 when plaintiff purchased two contiguous parcels of land in Chippewa County. Plaintiff built a house for himself on one parcel. The other parcel which is involved in this case consists of 169.65 acres, including shoreline along the St. Mary’s River. Plaintiff intended to build a residential development on the property which would include a system of canals. Plaintiff claimed that prior to purchasing the property at issue he met with state officials to discuss his proposed project, after which *228 he was satisfied that he could develop the property.
In 1981, plaintiff sought and obtained a drain permit from the county drain commissioner to construct a drainage ditch which presumably was the first phase of the project. Thereafter, in July, 1982, the dnr stopped plaintiff’s work and told him that he needed a permit. Consequently, plaintiff stopped work on the ditch and applied for a permit. The permit application involved only twenty acres of his property, apparently including the shoreline property. Then, by letter dated November 19, 1982, plaintiff was notified that most of his 3,400 feet of shoreline property was designated an environmental area under the Shorelands Protection and Management Act, MCL 281.631 et seq.; MSA 13.1831 et seq. Moreover, the majority of the approximately 170-acre parcel is considered to be wetland under the Wetland Protection Act, MCL 281.701 et seq.; MSA 18.595(51) et seq. As a consequence, the dnr thereafter denied plaintiff’s application for a permit. Plaintiff never submitted another application.
After some administrative procedures and an appeal to this Court which are not pertinent to the issues herein, plaintiff filed the instant action. The subsequent trial essentially involved two theories: (1) that the designation of plaintiff’s property as wetland and an environmental area constituted a taking by inverse condemnation which deprived plaintiff of an economically viable use of his land and for which plaintiff was entitled to compensation, MCL 281.721; MSA 18.595(71), US Const, Ama V and XIV, and Const 1963, art 10, § 2, and (2) that such designation constituted a de facto taking within the meaning of the Uniform Condemnation Procedures Act (ucpa), MCL 213.51 et seq.; MSA 8.265(1) et seq. Much of the testimony *229 at trial involved what uses the dnr probably would permit on plaintiff’s property. Dnr representative Martin Jannereth testified that he was reluctant to see the environmental area developed, but that it is difficult to know for certain if all possible future permits would be denied because he could not tell what might be possible without reviewing a specific request for a permit. A permit is required to drain, fill, dredge or alter the soil or vegetation in that area. Dnr representative Roger Hack similarly testified regarding the difficulty in surmising what the dnr would permit plaintiff to do on the property without an application for a permit. However, Hack testified that, since 1986, the dnr has informed plaintiff that some upland channeling and a marina development would be feasible, but plaintiff never submitted an application. Furthermore, just prior to the trial in this case, the dnr outlined a proposal that it believed "had merit and would meet with permit approval.” However, Hack testified that that discussion ended because plaintiff wanted to build only the original development plaintiff envisioned. A permit for that development, according to the dnr representatives’ testimony, would not be granted.
The court in this case sat as both the Chippewa Circuit Court and the Court of Claims. It concluded that the dnr’s actions of designating plaintiff’s property as wetland and an environmental area caused plaintiff’s property to decline in value and, moreover, that "[t]he absence of any clearly established standards which might guide the land owner in the development of his land, is tantamount to an arbitrary and capricious taking of the land without compensation.” Therefore, the court awarded plaintiff as damages the difference in the price plaintiff paid for the property and the current market value, specifically $50,000.
*230 Before we begin our analysis, we must make clear what plaintiff challenged below and, thus, what is at issue on appeal. Plaintiff did not challenge the validity of the statutes or regulations involved in this case. Nor did he challenge the dnr’s denial of his request to dredge the drainage ditch. Instead, he merely argued that the pertinent designation of his property under the relevant statutes constituted a taking for which he was entitled to compensation. Therefore, the limited inquiry before us is whether the government action in this case constituted a taking. 1
Governmental land-use regulation may, under extreme circumstances, amount to a taking of the affected private property, which, in turn, entitles the property owner to just compensation under the federal and Michigan constitutions. US Const, Am V; Const 1963, art 10, § 2. See, e.g.,
United States v Riverside Bayview Homes, Inc,
Applying these factors to this case, we conclude that the trial court’s finding that a taking occurred is clearly erroneous.
Blue Water Isles, supra
at 535. Speaking in general terms, the Wetland Protection Act requirement that a person obtain a permit before engaging in certain uses of his or her property, see MCL 281.705; MSA 18.595(55), does not itself take the property. See, e.g.,
Riverside Bayview Homes,
We must, instead, narrow our focus to the denial of the permit in this case, which, though, presumably was tantamount to denying plaintiff permission to build the original development he envisioned. Moreover, dnr representative Hack testified that the original development plaintiff had planned would not be approved. However, even if plaintiff suffered a diminution in the value of his property as a result of the designations and even though his application for a permit to dredge a drainage ditch was denied, a taking did not occur. Most importantly, dnr representatives testified that development projects which plaintiff has not yet applied for might be approved. We decline to conclude that the mere fact that plaintiff cannot dredge the drainage ditch for which he sought a permit constitutes a taking in light of the many other uses of the property which might be approved. In other words, the economic impact of the designations and denial of a permit to dredge is not so severe as to compel us to hold that a taking occurred. On the record before us, plaintiff still has economically viable uses of his property. More *233 over, in the absence of a permit request for the original development as planned, we are reluctant to hold that the dnr’s anticipation that such would be denied was a taking. Nevertheless, we note that we would be hard pressed to find a taking merely because plaintiff could not build the original development he envisioned.
We emphasize that our holding today is limited to the present record. If at some point in the future plaintiff can show that the economic impact of the pertinent statutes has, in fact, become more severe, he may then be entitled to compensation.
Finally, we note that plaintiff could not properly rely on the ucpa in bringing his claim. See
Lim v Dep’t of Transportation,
Reversed.
Notes
This is, of course, the issue involved in the dnr’s cross appeal. However, because our resolution of this issue necessitates our reversing the decision of the trial court, it is the only issue we will address in this opinion. In other words, we need not address the issues plaintiff raises in his appeal.