160 Ark. 431 | Ark. | 1923
Appellant was indicted, tried, and convicted in the Sebastian County Circuit .Court, Fort Smith District, for uttering a forged check on the First National Bank of Yan Burén, Arkansas, to Hunt Dry Goods Company, and, as punishment therefor, adjudged to servo a term of two years in the State Penitentiary. Prom the judgment of conviction slie lias prosecuted an appeal to this court;
Appellant’s first assignment of error for a reversal of the judgment is the trial court’s refusal to order the sheriff to summon twelve bystanders, so as to complete a full panel of twenty-four men from which to select a jury to pass upon her guilt or innocence. When her case was called, there were only twelve men in the jury-box from the regular panel. Appellant'insists that, under §§ 3144-3146 of Crawford & Moses’ Digest she had the right to be confronted with a full panel of 24 men, before she could be called upon to exercise any one of her twenty peremptory challenges. Our construction is that it is only necessary-to have twenty-four names .in the box when a drawn jury is not waived. In this case appellant waived a drawn jury. The waiver was tantamount to saying to the court that there was no necessity for filling up the panel until the qualification of each of the twelve jurors in the box was passed upon, and until the State and appellant should exercise such number of their peremptory challenges as each might desire. The refusal of appellant to challenge any one of the twelve was an implied admission that each was unobjectionable. It would have been a useless thing to have summoned twelve additional men to serve as jurors where the twelve already in the box were unobjectionable.
Appellant’s next assignment of error for a reversal of the judgment was in permitting her to be asked, on cross-examination, whether Eaymond Mitchell, who gave her the check to cash, was a married man. It is true this was a collateral matter not tending to show whether the check was a forgery, and, if so, whether appellant knew it; but, even so, the question was permissible as a test of her credibility as a witness, as she had been traveling and associating freely with him. This court said, in the case of Bogue v. State, 152 Ark. 380, “it is within the well established rule to inquire of an accused, on cross-examination, touching his illicit relation as a test of his credibility.” This procedure is a well recognized method of impeaching a witness. Pearrow v. State, 146 Ark. 206; Turner v. State, 153 Ark. 41.
Appellant’s next assignment of error for a reversal of the judgment is the admission of evidence showing .that appellant had four other checks of $25 each, similar to the check uttered, in her possession at the time she cashed the check in question. As the evidence failed to show that appellant attempted to cash either of the four checks, it is contended that the .admission of the evidence was tantamount to proving another -and separate offénse in order to secure a conviction of uttering a forged instrument. "We do not think so. The checks were similar, and she had possession-of all of them at the time she uttered one of them. Guilty knowledge or intent was essential to the crime charged against appellant, and her possession of four other checks, similar to the one uttered, was admissible to show whether she uttered the check in question in good or bad faith. In the case of Howard v. State, 72 Ark. 597, this court said: “Possession of other like counterfeits or forgeries more or less distinctly implies knowledge, and is admissible in evidence against the defendant.” The rule thus announced is supported by the following authorities: Greenleaf, Ev. § 53; Wharton, Crim. Ev. (8th ed). §§ 31-46; Clark, Cr. Pro., p. 518; 1 Bishop, New Cr. Pro., § 1126.
Appellant’s next assignment of error for a reversal of the judgment is the alleged insufficiency of the evidence to support the verdict. J. T. Mitchell’s name was signed to the check, and it was uttered by appellant. She had four other checks similar to it in her possession at the time. The payee in the check was Raymond Mitchell, the grandson of J. T. Mitchell. There is testimony in the record to the effect that appellant represented herself to be the payee named in the check when she cashed it. J. T. Mitchell and his wife, Elenor Mitchell, testified that Raymond had no authority to issue the check, and that the handwriting was not that of Raymond. This evidence was substantial, and sufficient to justify the inference that appellant uttered the check with knowledge that it was a forgery. The rule is that, if the verdict is supported hy any substantial evidence, it will not he disturbed on appeal to this court. Fields v. State, 154 Ark. 191.
Appellant’s next assignment for a reversal of the judgment is giving instruction No. 2 by the court, which is as follows: ‘ ‘ The court instructs you that all convicts in the penitentiary now and all persons hereafter sentenced to the penitentiary under the age of eighteen years, and all present and future penitentiary convicts under eighteen years of age, shall be committed to a place in said reform school by said board, provided said persons under eighteen years of age convicted of a felony may be sent to the penitentiary if, in the judgment of the trial judge, such course may be expedient.”
Appellant contends that the instruction was tantamount to telling the jury that appellant, in the opinion of the court, was guilty.- We do not so interpret the instruction. It does not contain an indirect assumption of appellant’s guilt by saying how she would be punished in case of conviction, as suggested by learned counsel. The instruction simply apprised the jury that it was optional with a trial judge, in -the exercise of his sound discretion, whether persons under eighteen years of age convicted of a felony should he sent to a reform school or State Penitentiary. The instruction followed the language of the statute. Section 804, Crawford & Moses’ Digest. It contained no intimation whatever as to which place appellant would he sent in case of her conviction. All of that part of the statute pertinent to the question of punishment was read to the jury. No error was committed in giving the instruction.
Appellant’s next and last assignment of error for a reversal of the judgment is that the court erred in giving instruction No. 1-A, which is as follows: “If you believe from the evidence, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the defendant, Mabel Bohannon, in the Port Smith District of Sebastian County, Arkansas, and within three years next before filing this indictment, unlawfully, fraudulently, and feloniously did utter and pass and exhibit as true to the Hunt Dry Goods Company, of Fort Smith, Arkansas, a partnership composed of R. T. Hunt, T. L. Hunt and Henry Ayres, a certain forged and counterfeit writing on paper, purporting to be a blank check on the First National Bank of Van Burén, Arkansas, as set out in the indictment, the said forged and counterfeit writing on paper being then and there uttered and published as true to the said Hunt Dry Goods Company, as aforesaid, by the said defendant, Mabel Bohannon, with the intent then and there unlawfully, fraudulently and feloniously to obtain possession of the money and property of the said Hunt Dry Goods Company, she, the said Mabel Bohannon, then and there well knowing said writing on paper to be forged and counterfeit, then you should convict the defendant.”
The instruction is assailed upon the alleged ground that it assumes to tell the jury that the check in question was a forged and counterfeit writing. When the second clause of the instruction is read in connection with the first, it is plain the court left the question of whether the instrument was a forged paper to the jury. If there is any ambiguity in the instruction calculated to mislead the jury, the attention of the court should have been called to it by a specific objection, as the instruction contained no inherent defect. Griffin v. State, 141 Ark. 43; Sandlin v. Bailey, 146 Ark. 23.
No error appearing, the judgment is affirmed.