51 Miss. 807 | Miss. | 1876
delivered the opinion of the court.
Defendant in error was the holder of a large number of warrants issued by the clerk of the board of supervisors of Warren county, upon claims against the county for its current expenditures, audited and allowed by said board in term time. One of these warrants was issued in 1872. Two hundred and eighteen of these were issued in 1873; five hundred and sixty-three of them were issued in 1874; and ninety-five of them in 1875. There were eight hundred and seventy-seven different warrants or claims standing on like footing, issued to different persons in large part, and aggregating in amount the sum of $41,181.30. On the 10th of July, 1875, Klein presented all of said warrants and claims to the treasurer of Warren county, and demanded payment, which was refused for want of funds, and on the same day Klein brought these facts to the notice of said board of supervisors while in regular session, and demanded that they should levy a sufficient tax to pay said warrants and claims, which was refused by the board; and thereupon, Klein petitioned for a mandamus to compel compliance by said board with his demand.
The board of supervisors was summoned, and answered that its power of levying taxes had been restricted and limited by the act of April 4, 1872, to the levy of such a per centum, as with the state taxes added, should not exceed twenty-five mills on the dollar of assessed value, and that this power had been exercised to its full limit during the years 1872, 1873 and 1874, and that by act of March 5, 1875, said power of levying county taxes had been further restricted and limited, so that the county levy, with the state tax for each year, should not exceed twenty mills on the dollar of assessed valuation, and that the full power of taxation for county purposes had been exercised for 1875. It was further
.The answer was replied to, and its truth controverted, and upon the issue thus made the case was tried, and resulted in the award of a peremptory command to the board of supervisors to forthwith levy a tax, on Thursday, December 2, 1875, or as soon thereafter as possible, not exceeding five mills on the dollar of assessed valuation of property in Warren county, to pay to Klein $33,905.50, with six per cent, interest from July 10, 1875, that being the amount of warrants and claims' issued after April 4, 1872, and before March 5, 1875, and chargeable to the whole county ; and also to levy a tax upon all the taxable property of the Warren county school district, being that part of the county outside of Vicksburg, sufficient to pay Klein $2,918.30, and interest at 6 per cent, from July 10, 1875, for said warrants issued between April 4, 1872 and March 5, 1875, and chargeable to the Warren county school district aforesaid. The said board was also commanded to provide for the payment of such of said warrants as were issued after March 5, 1875, by levies on the taxable property of the whole county, or of the Warren county school district, appropriate to the remainder of said warrants, as being chargeable to the county or the school district, and this power is required to be exerted from year to year, if one levy to the full limit shall not be sufficient to pay said warrants, and said board is commanded to make “such orders as may be necessary to cause the speedy collection of said several sums of money (required to be levied for the warrants issued before March 5,1875), and the deposit thereof with the treasurer of said county, as special funds, to be set apart and appropriated for the payment of those claims and warrants issued before the 5th day of March,
From this judgment a writ of error is prosecuted by the board of supervisors, and an agreement was made by the counsel on both sides, in the presence of the court, upon argument of the case, to the effect that this court shall consider the case anew upon its merits, as presented by the facts disclosed by the record, and sháll render such judgment as the court below should have rendered upon these facts, without regard to the opinion delivered in this case when formerly before this.court.
Several questions were argued by counsel, and we shall notice such as we think are involved in the determination of the case, according to the view we take of it.
The first and most important question, as affecting the general interest, is, as to the right of respondent to a mandamus petition to enforce payment of county warrants, to go behind the allowance of the claim by the board of supervisors, and question its validity as having been allowed in violation of § 1382 of the Code bf 1871, which declares: “ It shall be unlawful for any board of supervisors to allow any greater sum for any account, claim or demand against the county than the amount actually due thereon, dollar for dollar, according to the legal or ordinary compensation for such services rendered, or for'Salaries or fees of officers or materials furnished, or to issue county warrants or orders upon such accounts, claims or demands, when allowed, for more than the actual amount so allowed, dollar for dollar.”
It has been often held and for a long time settled by judicial decision .in this state, that, under the general authorization.to the board of police or board of supervisors to audit and allow, on due proof in term time, all demands and accounts against the county, the entry on the minutes of the board allowing a claim
This brings us to consider the propriety of the exclusion by the circuit judge of the agreement made by petitioner on trial: “That certain of said warrants in said petition and pleadings mentioned, to wit: warrants to the amount of one thousand dollars were issued upon allowances for greater amounts than were •the current market prices in cash in Yieksburg, respectively, for
Therefore, while we think it was entirely competent for respondents to show a violation of § 1382 of the code in the issuance of the warrants, our opinion is, that there was no offer to show this. That the agreement or admission of fact on this point was properly excluded, because it is limited to the cash prices, and contains no admission of a violation of law in allowing more than ordinary compensation for services rendered or materials furnished. In view of the legislative recognition of the common practice by boards of supervisors to anticipate collections of taxes by allowing demands on which warrants issue in advance of collections, we are not authorized to say, that boards of supervisors may not allow credit prices for materials furnished and services rendered by those who are not officers, provided they are governed by the ordinary compensation for such. That the warrants were drawn on different funds from those on which they should have been drawn does not amount to a defense by the board' if they correspond to the allowances. The law does not contemplate or provide for all of the different special funds which boards of supervisors sometimes distinguish and keep separate.
The warrants issued between the 4th of April, 1872, and 5th of March, 1875, and subject to the operation of the act of the former date, as to the limitation on the power of the board of supervisors to levy taxes for county purposes, and those issued after the 5th of March, 1875, and before any further restriction, are subject to the law in force at the time of their issuance. But it is not lawful for the board, as against such warrants, to exhaust its power to levy for any year, by embracing in the aggregate a levy for those purposes for which its power to levy is not subject to legislative restriction ; i. e., “ to pay for the building and repairing of court houses, jails and bridges,” as provided by art.' XII, § 16 of the constitution, or for which it was authorized by law to make a special levy, independent of the limitation ; and, in so far as any such levy may have been embraced in the levy by the board of supervisors of Warren county, it is to be disregarded as far as necessary in behalf of the holders of warrants issued subject to said respective restrictions on the power to levy. The power of the board of supervisors to tax for such purposes is to be exhausted in favor of holders of unpaid warrants. In 1878 and 1874, the board had power to levy for county purposes the difference between the state tax and twenty-five mills on the. dollar, and in 1845 the difference between the entire state tax and twenty mills on the dollar. A reference to the laws fixing the state tax will show the margin allowed the board for levying for county
The court, in awarding mandamus to compel a levy of county taxes, must respect the provisions of law for the levying and collection of county taxes. The time when such levy shall be made, and when and how collection and settlement by the collector are to be made, is fixed by law. Judgment must be so framed as not to contravene these provisions or disturb the system of finance established in the state, and, therefore an order cannot lawfully be made requiring the board of supervisors to levy taxes at any other time than the time and in the manner when it is required to levy county taxes. Nor can the board be required to make any orders or do any acts towards the speedy collection of such taxes as may be levied,'or the deposit when collected in the treasury, which are not provided for by the statutes of the state. Nor can said board be required to issue any warrants on any fund where it has already issued warrants, unless it be in case of a judgment rendered in gross for an aggregate of warrants found on trial of the issue in the mandamus to have been illegally issued for an excess of what was allowed by law to be issued or allowed for.
County warrants do not bear interest. This was decided in Taylor v. Board of Police of Chickasaw county, in 1869, by the high court of errors and appeals, Opinion Book “ K," p. 61, and we think correctly. Interest is the creature of statute, and our statute does not embrace county warrants. The common understanding of the community is, that they do not bear interest. They do not purport to bear interest. It is not in the contemplation of persons to whom warrants are issued that' they are to carry interest. Our statute, § 2279 Code, has reference to the contracts of individuals, and not of the state or counties, which are not supposed to be included in any statute imposing burdens, unless specially named or fairly embraced' in the language used. Section 2281, as to judgments, embraces only those between individ
The requirement to levy taxes should be to pay certain specified warrants, describing and identifying them by numbers, dates, amounts, and names of persons to whom issued, so that the treasurer may readily know to what warrants to apply the money collected under the levy, and may certainly apply it to them and take them up and present them to the board of supervisors as his vouchers on settlement for such application of the taxes paid him, and to be canceled by the board of supervisors.
The judgment of the circuit court, not being according to these views, will be reversed, and judgment may be entered here for a peremptory mandamus to the board of supervisors of Warren county, for the levy of a tax sufficient to pay the warrants described in the petition herein, in accordance with the views expressed in this opinion.