12 N.M. 72 | N.M. | 1903
OPINION OF THE COURT.
This is the second time that the matter involved in this case has been before us for hearing. As the facts are quite fully set out in the former opinion handed down by this court, which case is entitled “Cross v. Board of County Commissioners of Grant County,” the report of which can be found in 9 N. M. 410, we will not repeat them here.
When this case was last heard by us it was decided below on a demurrer to the complaint, the demurrer setting up that the declaration on its face showed that the cause of action had not accrued within six years next before the commencement of the action. The trial court sustained the demurrer, and the plaintiff failing to amend the declaration or jilead further, a final judgment was entered dismissing the cause, from which judgment plaintiff appealed, and the judgment handed down by this court affirmed the judgment of the court below and did not remand the case for further proceedings in the trial court.
The answer of the defendant to the complaint sets up the plea of res judicata, and appellant by number eight of its assignment of errors brings this same point before us for consideration.
The contention of the plaintiff is that the judgment of dismissal in the former suit, having been entered on a demurrer is not a bar to the bringing of new suit.
In Gould v. Evansville, etc., Railroad Co., 91 U. S. 532, the Supreme Court says: “It is clear that the parties to the present suit are the same as the parties in the former suit, and it cannot be successfully denied that the cause of action in the pending suit is identical with that which was in issue between the same parties in the suit decided in the county circuit court, where the parties and the cause of action are the same, the prima facie presumption is that the questions presented for decision were the same,' unless it appears that the merits of the controversy were not involved in the issue; the rule in such a case being, that where every objection urged in the second suit was open to the party, within the legitimate scope of the pleadings, in the first suit, and might have been presented in that trial, the matter must be considered as having passed in rem judicatem, and the former judgment in such a case is conclusive between the parties. Outram v. Morewood, 3 East 538; Greathead v. Bromley, 7 Term 452.
“2. Except in special cases the plea of res judicata applies not only to points upon which the court was actually required to form an opinion and pronounce judgment, but to every point which properly belonged to the subject of the allegation, and which the parties, exercising reasonable diligence, might have brought forward at the time. 2 Taylor’s Ev. sec. 1513; Henderson v. Henderson, 3 Hare 115; Stafford v. Clark, 2 Bing. 382; Miller v. Covert, 1 Wend. 487; Bagot v. Williams, 3 B. & C. 241; Roberts v. Heine, 27 Ala. 678.
“Decided cases may be found in which it is questioned whether a former judgment can be a bar to a subsequent action, even for the same cause, if it appears that the first judgment was rendered on demurrer; but it is settled law, that it makes no difference in principle whether the facts upon which the court proceeded were proved by competent evidence, or whether they were admitted by the parties; and that the admission, even if by way of demurrer to a pleading, in which the facts are alleged, is just as available to the opposite party as if the admission was made ore tenus before a jury. Bouchard v. Dias, 3 Den. 244; Perkins v. Moore, 16 Ala. 17; Robinson v. Howard, 5 Cal. 428; Aurora City v. West, 7 Wall. 99; Goodrich v. The City, 5 Id. 573; Beloit v. Morgan, 7 Id. 107.
“From these suggestions and authorities two propositions may be deduced, each of which has more or less application to certain views of the case before the court: (1) That a judgment rendered upon demurrer to the declaration or to a material pleading, setting forth the facts, is equally conclusive of the matters confessed by the demurrer as a verdict finding the same facts would be, since the matters in controversy are established in the former case, as well as in the latter, by matter of record; and the rule is, that facts thus established can never after be contested between the same parties or those in privity with them. (2) That if the judgment is rendered for the defendant on demurrer to the declaration, or to a material pleading in chief, the plaintiff can never after maintain against the same defendant, or his privies, any similar or concurrent action for the same cause upon the same grounds as were disclosed in the first declaration; for the reason that the judgment upon such a demurrer determines the merits of the cause and a final judgment deciding the right must put an end to the dispute, else the litigation would be endless. Rex v. Kingston, 20 State Trials 588; Hutchin v. Campbell, 2 W. Bl. 831; Clearwater v. Meredith, 1 Wall. 43; Gould on Plead., sec. 42; Ricardo v. Garcias, 12 Cl. & Fin. 400.
“Support to those propositions is found everywhere; hut it is equally well settled, that, if the plaintiff fails on demurrer in his first action from the omission of an essential allegation in his declaration which is fully supplied in the second suit, the judgment in the first suit is no bar to the second, although the respective actions were instituted to enforce the same right; for the reason that the merits of the cause, as disclosed in the second declaration, were not heard and decided in the first action. Aurora City v. West, 7 Wall. 90; Gilman v. Rives, 10 Pet. 298; Richardson v. Barton, 24 How. 188.”
The record discloses but one substantial difference between the pleadings in this suit and that heretofore decided by this court.
The opinion given by this court in our former adjudication, 9 N. M. 410 was based on the ground that the recovery upon the warrant sued on was barred by the statutes of limitations, and' the plaintiff seeks to again try his chances before the court by filing a new suit based on the same cause of action, to-wit: the warrant, by setting up in the present complaint that the warrant sued on was presented for payment on April 11, 1888 and on October 1, 1890, to the treasurer of Grant county, who declined to pay it on the grounds that there were no funds in his hands available for the payment thereof, these allegations not being set up in the former complaint.
The plaintiff by standing on his original complaint and failing to amend after the demurrer was sustained, although leave was given so to do, and appealing to this court from the judgment entered in said cause, waived any right which he may have had to amend his original complaint, and when this court sustained the judgment entered by the trial court dismissing the cause, it was final adjudication of the rights of the parties.
The parties to and the cause of action in this suit are the same as in the former one. Both suits are based on the identical certificate or warrant. Nothing is alleged in the complaint in this suit, which was not or which might not have been set up in the original complaint or by amendment thereto after the demurrer was sustained.
Under the rule announced by us in the case of the Territory of New Mexico v. Santa Pe Pacific Railroad Co., 10 N. M. 410; and in the Federal courts in Cromwell v. County of Sac, 94 U. S. 352; and in Patterson v. Wold, 33 Fed. 791, the question at issue has become res judicata, between the parties. In the latter case Judge Brewer, says, in addition to what we have quoted in Territory v. Santa Fe Pacific Railroad Co., supra: “It is time, the basis of complainant’s primary right is, as alleged, different in one case from that in the other; but this is mere difference, in the language of the Supreme Court, fin the grounds of recovery.’ The mere fact that different testimony wrnuld be .necessary to sustain the different allegations in the two bills, does not of itself, necessarily make two distinct causes of action . . . In both of such actions plaintiffs’ primary right . . . would be the same; the only difference being in the grounds of recovery. All the grounds of recovery, all the basis of plaintiffs’ title must be presented in the first action, or they are lost to him forever.”
It is unnecessary to discuss the other assignments of error, as we consider this point conclusive.
The judgment of the trial court is therefore reversed and under the power given to this court, under section 3141 of the Compiled Laws of 1897, the clerk of this court is directed to enter judgment for the defendant, appellant herein, and it is so ordered.