Blythe v. Gately

51 Cal. 236 | Cal. | 1876

By the Court, Crockett, J.:

The lease declared upon was for a term of fifteen years, commencing on the 12th day of October, 1859, and amongst others contained the following provisions, viz.: That the rents should be payable, “free and clear of all charges, assessments and payments whatsoever assessed or imposed upon the said premises, or any part thereof, in anywise whatsoever, during the continuance of the said term,” and that “the said party of the second part (the lessee), his heirs, executors, administrators or assigns, shall and will, at their own proper costs and charges, bear, pay and discharge all such taxes, duties and assessments whatsoever, extraordinary as well as ordinary, as shall or may during the term hereby granted be charged, assessed or imposed upon the said demised premises, including the taxes for the fiscal year 1873-4.” The lease expired October 12, 1874, and the lessee having failed to pay the taxes for the fiscal year commencing July 1,1874, they were paid by the lessor, and the action is to recover the amount so paid from the estate of the lessee. The questions to be determined are, first, wrhether the taxes for 1874-5 were “ charged, assessed or imposed upon the demised premises ” during the term, within the true intent of the clauses of the lease above quoted; and second, what effect, if any, is to be given to the words “including the taxes for the fiscal year 1873-4.” As to the first point, it is clear, we think, that the taxes for 1874-5 were charged, assessed and imposed upon the land during the term, within the intent of the lease, and should therefore be paid by the lessee, unless the stipulations that the lessee should pay the taxes for 1873-4, should lead to a different conclusion. As the law for the assessment and collection of taxes stood during the fiscal year 1874^5, it was the duty of [the assessor, between the first Mondays in March and July, to assess all real estate, and a lien for the tax attached as of the first Monday in March. Between the first and fourth Mondays of July, it was the duty of the Board of Equalization to equalize the taxes, and the duplicate assessment-roll was then delivered to the collector, who immediately proceeded to collect, and had authority to receive the taxes. If not paid before the first Monday of the succeeding January, they then became delinquent, and five per cent, was added thereto. It is clear from these provisions that the tax on the demised premises for the fiscal year 1874-5 were payable, and had become a lien on the land prior to October 12, 1874, when the lease expired. In the language of the lease, the taxes for that year had been “charged assessed or imposed upon the said demised premises ” during the term, and were therefore to be paid by the lessee, under the express stipulations of the lease, unless his liability was limited by the words “including the taxes for the fiscal year 1873-4.” But these words cannot have that effect, and must be treated as surplusage. The utmost force that is claimed for them is, that they raise an inference that the lessee was not to pay the taxes for the next succeeding year. But so vague a presumption cannot control the specific provisions of the lease.

Judgment and order affirmed. Remittitur forthwith.

Mr. Chief Justice Wallace did not express an opinion.