Blowers v. One Wire Rope Cable

19 F. 444 | S.D.N.Y. | 1884

Brown, J.

It is claimed that no lien could attach under the charter in this case, because the provision that the freight was not to be due until the vessel had performed her contract, 'that is, until the cable had been iaid in the Erie canal, shows that no lien on the cable was contemplated, and that none could have been enforced by action if the freight or hire of the barge had not been paid according to contract as soon as the cable had been laid. It is undoubtedly true that where the express stipulations as to payment of freight are incompatible with a claim upon the cargo, the lien will be deemed waived. Ruggles v. Bucknor, 1 Paine, 363; Raymond v. Tyson, 17 How. 53, 61. But in this case payment was due upon performance as in the ordinary cases of the transportation of goods on freight; nor do I perceive anything in the fact that the cable was laid in the canal incompatible with the right of the libelant immediately to proceed to libel the cable, as it lay, by a suit in rem, and to attach and seize it through the marshal, as in other cases, if the charterer had failed to pay the contract price upon the delivery being complete. I understand, the law, as generally administered, to be that the lien of the vessel upon the goods, and of the goods upon the vessel, attaches from the moment the goods are laden on board, and not from the time only when the ship breaks ground. The Bird of Paradise, 5 Wall. 545, 562, 563; Bulkley v. Naumkeag, etc., Co. 24 How. 386, 393; The Yankee Blade, 19 How. 82; 1 Pars. Shipp. & Adm. 174, and notes; The Hermitage, 4 Blatchf. 474; The Eddy, 5 Wall. 481, 494. This objection, therefore, cannot be sustained.

The situation of the barge, with 15 miles of cable on board, but made fast at the shore end upon the manufacturer’s premises, is doubtless a peculiar one. Tho manufacturing company did not intend to make a complete delivery in favor of the cable company, except on receipt of the cash payment agreed on, and it is claimed that they wore, therefore, in possession of the cable while it was on the barge through the control they exercised over it by holding fast to the shore end. The manufacturers, however, are clearly chargeable with notice of the relations of the libelant to the cable company. In loading the cable on board they could not have supposed that the barge belonged to the cable company. They knew that it came under some contract with the libelant, by which lie was to have pay for the use of it, for they agreed to pay one-half of the expenses of the vessel while she was receiving the wire, and they subsequently made a payment on this account. So far as the libelant was concerned, therefore, they must be held to he chargeable with knowledge of the contract between him and the cable company, and that in the ordinary course of business the libelant would have a lien for the hire of the boat upon all cable put aboard. They must be held, therefore, to have laden the cable on hoard the libelant’s boat pursuant to bis contract with the cable company. The libelant, in receiving it on board, received it in execution of his contract with the cable company, and the manufacturers in putting it aboard did so on account of the cable company, at least so far as respects the libelant’s rights. The libel-ant had no knowledge of the terms of the contract between the two companies, and there were no circumstances putting him upon inquiry. He had no right to refuse to receive the wire on board when tendered by the manufacturers; on the contrary, he was bound to receive the cable on board, precisely as he did accept it; and in thus accepting it and permitting it to be laden on board, he received it evidently under, and in part execution of, the contract of affreightment; and the manufacturers are clearly chargeable with notice of these facts. It is clear, therefore, as it seems to me, that the libelant could not be bound to receive the wire on board under his contract without at the same time acquiring that lien on the cable which by the maritime law attaches to goods from the moment they are laden on board. Had the manufacturers desired to put the cable on board under such qualifications and restrictions as would prevent the ordinary lien of the vessel from,attaching, they were bound to give the libelant express notice of this intention and condition on loading; and the libelant might in that case have lawfully refused to receive the cable on board under such qualifications. As the manufacturers did not do this they must be held, as respects the libelant, to be estopped from denying that they loaded tho goods on board the barge as the goods of the cable company, and to have voluntarily subjected the cable to the lien of the vessel thereon, without regard to their own private relations to the cable company as respects their right to payment on delivery. Faith v. East Ind. Co. 4 Barn. & Ald. 630. The same principle of estoppel as regards the lion of material-men upon vessels or their equipment, without regard to the actual title, has been applied in the case of The May Queen, 1 Spr. 588; The St. Jago de Cuba, 9 Wheat. 409, 418; and The Sarah Starr, 1 Spr. 453.

As respects the cable company, it is manifest that the delivery of tne cable was not complete, and was not intended by the manufacturers to be complete, until they should obtain the cash payment agreed upon; but this, so far as the libelant was concerned, was a secret arrangement between the two companies, of which th'e libelant had no knowledge; and the intention of the manufacturers to hold on to the shore end of the cable, instead of cutting it loose, when the whole amount was- put on board, was in no way communicated to the libelant until the cable had all been loaded. The manufacturers being then unable to obtain their pay, refused to cut the shore end of the cable so as to allow the vessel to depart and perform her contract,' and in their endeavor by subsequent negotiations with the cable company and the receiver to procure their pay, they kept the vessel in that condition, and would neither remove the cable nor suffer it to depart.

The manufacturers, it is true, were not, as respects the cable company, bound to deliver the cable or suffer the vessel to depart without being paid according to their contract. The cable company in omitting to pay for the cable as their contract provided, so as to permit the departure of the vessel, in effect obstructed and prevented the further performance by the vessel of her contract after the cable had been taken aboard, though the vessel was ready to proceed and complete her contract. The vessel is entitled, therefore, to compensation according to the contract price prior to reaching West Troy. The manufacturers have no equity to contest this, for the reason that, having put the wire on board with substantial knowledge or notice of the libelant’s rights, they could not afterwards, upon failure to get their pay as expected, rightfully keep the vessel tied to the wharf for their own benefit, in the hope of speedy payment for the cable put on board.

By the charter the libelant was to have five dollars a day for the vessel until she arrived at Troy. She has been prevented from the full performance of her contract, after having taken the cable aboard, through the default of the charterer; and, by this default, with the concurrent acts of the claimants, the vessel was detained until the cable was removed from on board, under the bond given by the claimants on August 23, 1881, after this libel was filed, in all 343 days, making $1,715. The increased price of the barge after reaching the Erie canal is presumably on account of the increased expense subsequently attaching. The time during which she was detained at the wharf was far more than sufficient for the laying of the cable, so that full compensation for her contract will be given by an allowance of the stipulated price of five dollars per day for the time during which she had the cable on board, amounting to $1,715, from which, deducting $240.50 already paid, a balance remains due of $1,474.50. Where a -lien on the cargo for freight exists, it extends also as against the freighter, by the maritime law, though otherwise at common law, to demurrage and damages for the unreasonable detention of the vessel, though not expressly agreed upon. The Hermitage, 4 Blatchf. 474; The Hyperion’s Cargo, 2 Low. 93; Sprague v. West, Abb. Adm. 548. But in the present case, compensation for the vessel, while lying at the wharf with the cable on board, is not in the nature of damage for detention, but is a part of the express contract of the charter to pay for the vessel at the rate of five dollars per day until arrival at Troy.

The libelant is therefore entitled to a decree for $1,474.50, with interest from August 23, 1881, with costs.