We granted certiorari to determine whether under the Civil Practice Act, OCGA Title 9, Chapter 11 (Code Ann. Title 81A), the pleadings may be amended to substitute a named party plaintiff when suit is filed in the name of a party which is not a legal entity. The Court of Appeals answered this question in the negative based upon holdings of this court prior to the adoption of the Civil Practice Act, and a line of cases following those decisions.
Voyager Life Ins. Co. v. Estate of Frank G. Bagley,
1. This appeal is a consolidation of two cases brought after the death of Frank G. Bagley to recover thе proceeds of two credit life insurance policies issued to him by Voyager Life Insurance Company (hereinafter Voyager), the appellee. The suits were brought in the name of “Estate of Frank G. Bagley” as plaintiff. Voyager did not raise the issue of whether this denomination was a legal entity. The case proceeded and the trial court granted summary judgment to the plaintiff and Voyager appealed attacking the merits of the judgment. In reversing the judgment the Court of Appeals relied principally upon the language in
Orange County Trust Co. v. Estate of Takowsky,
“When a party dеsires to raise an issue as to the legal existence of
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any party, the capacity of any party to bring or defend an action, or the authority of any party to bring or defend an action in a representative capacity, he shall do so by specific negative averment.” OCGA § 9-11-9 (Code Ann. § 81A-109). The Civil Practice Act requires that a suit be filed by a real party in interest but allows for amendment to substitutе the real party in interest if incorrectly named. OCGA § 9-11-17 (Code Ann. § 81A-117). OCGA § 9-11-15 (Code Ann. § 81A-115) provides for liberal amendments and this is consistent with our holdings that the pleadings are not an end in themselves but only a method to assist in reaching the merits of the case.
McDonough Constr. Co. v. McLendon Electrical Co.,
We have considered the liberal policies of the Civil Practice Act. We hold that where thе party plaintiff named in a complaint is not a legal entity but is reasonably recognizable as a misnomer for a legal entity which is the real party plaintiff, the misnomer may be corrected by amеndment. Additionally, a mere misnomer of a party in the pleadings is a defect which may be waived where the misnamed party is in fact the legally cognizable proper party in interest. Since this actiоn has at all times been prosecuted by the personal representative of Bagley and Voyager has stipulated that it has no objection to the substitution of the proper named party, the holding that the action is void and a nullity is reversed.
2. The Court of Appeals’ reversal was based on the procedural issue; we now turn to the merits of the appeal on the issue of whether the trial сourt erred in granting summary judgment in favor of the appellant against Voyager.
Frank Bagley was diagnosed as suffering from terminal cancer in 1977. Within three months of this diagnosis, Mr. Bagley purchased four vehicles on credit; each transaction also involved the purchase of credit life insurance. Two of these transactions involved credit life policies issued by the dealers as agents for Voyager. Aftеr Bagley’s death Voyager refused to pay the claims, cancelled the policies, and refunded the premiums upon learning of his terminal illness at the time the policies were issued. A separаte suit was instituted to recover on each policy; the issues are identical and the cases have been consolidated for appeal.
It is undisputed that Bagley knew of his illness at the time hе purchased the automobiles and, in conjunction with the credit sales, purchased credit life insurance. It is also undisputed that no health questions were ever asked of Mr. Bagley by Voyager’s agents and that the policy which governs these two cases had no disqualification or *164 exclusion for pre-existing health problems of the insured in regard to credit life. There are specific health exсlusions in the policy governing disability insurance. The only personal exclusion involving the life insurance is that the debtor be younger than 71 years of age. The trial court held that Voyager must honor the policy and granted summary judgment.
The appellee contends that the policy is void because the insured’s conduct was fraudulent under OCGA § 23-2-53 (Code Ann. § 37-704) and that the insured was barred from recovery under OCGA § 33-24-7 (Code Ann. § 56-2409). “Suppression of a material fact which a party is under an obligation to communicate constitutes fraud. The obligation to communicate may arise from the confidential relations of the parties or from the particular circumstances of the case.” OCGA § 23-2-53 (Code Ann. § 37-704). OCGA § 33-24-7 (Code Ann. § 56-2409) governs the effect of misrepresentations by an insured in applying for insurance.
The representative of the insured contends that there was no obligation to communicate under OCGA § 23-2-53 (Code Ann. § 37-704). The issue is whether a prospective insured is under an affirmative duty to disclose every fact which the insured believes may be relevant when the insurer has not made any inquiry as to the particular fact and the policy is silent.
“Misrepresentations, omissions, concealment of facts, and incorrect statements shall not prevent a recovery under the policy or contract unless:
(1) Fraudulent;
(2) Material either to the acceptance of the risk or to the hazard assumed by the insurer; or
(3) The insurer in good faith would either not have issuеd the policy or contract or would not have issued a policy or contract in as large an amount or at the premium rate as applied for or would not have provided covеrage with respect to the hazard resulting in the loss if the true facts had been known to the insurer as required either by the application for the policy or contract or otherwise.” OCGA § 33-24-7 (Code Ann. § 56-2409).
Apрlying these provisions, it has been held that if an insured fraudulently conceals factors material to the risk when obtaining insurance the policy is voidable by the insurer.
Jefferson Standard Life Ins. Co. v. Bridges,
Georgia has not addressed the issue of whether a prospective insured has an affirmative duty to disclose health problems when obtaining credit life insurance. Voyager relies on the case of Nat. Life Ins. Co. v. Harriott, 268 S2d 397 (Fla. App. 1972), wherein Mr. Harriott in connection with a credit purchase also obtained joint credit life insurаnce on his life and the life of his wife. His wife was not present at the transaction and was suffering with terminal cancer. The Florida court left open the question of whether an insured who obtains coverаge only on his own behalf is under a duty to disclose, but held the insurer could defend on fraud grounds when a person obtains something of value and insures another, unseen by the lender.
The reasoning of the Harriott case has generally not been followed in other jurisdictions. See Readey, “Cancer Cases — The Achilles Heel of Credit Life Insurance.” Insurance Counsel Journal, Vol. L, No. 2, p. 241 (1983). In Uslife Credit Life Ins. Co. v. McAfee,
We find the view that the insured in this case was under no obligation to furnish additional health information is consistent with Georgia law. In
Ga. Farm Bureau Mut. Ins. Co. v. First Fed. &c. Assn.,
As pointed out by Mr. Readey in his above-cited article, the problems raised in these credit life cases could be remedied by requiring the insured to make a statement that to the best of his knowledge he is not suffering from a terminal disease.
The judgment of the Court of Appeals is reversed. The case is remanded with the direction that the judgment of the trial court in the two cases appealed be sustained.