Lead Opinion
Opinion by
Plaintiff wife and defendant husband executed a separation agreement in 1949 which provided, inter alia, that the defendant should pay $200 per month support “to continue until the remarriage or death of Wife or the death of Husband, whichever shall first occur and shall thereupon terminate.” The parties were subsequently divorced. The husband failed to make the
Assuming, without specifically deciding the matter, that the plaintiff’s nonremarriage is a condition precedent to her right to receive each monthly installment of support, she would then be required to plead generally that such condition had been complied with. Pennsylvania Buie of Civil Procedure 1019(c). The plaintiff has complied with that requirement by pleading specifically in her complaint that she had never remarried. Rule 1019(c) further requires that “A denial of such performance or occurrence shall be made specifically and with particularity.” -The defendant contends that he has complied' with "this requirement, and thereby raised an issue of jfact, by including in his answer the following as to plaintiff’s remarriage: “Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of the averment that the plaintiff has never remarried, because the means of proof are within thé exclusive control of an adverse party or hostile person, wherefore proof thereof is demanded. Accordingly, the averriient that the plaintiff
We cannot agree that defendant’s answer sets forth á proper denial or raises an issue of fact. Rule 1029(e) (2) can be invoked only when the means of proof are within the exclusive control of an adverse party or hostile person. Since marriage is a matter of public record, Rule 1029(c) (2) is inapplicable here. Defendant protests that he cannot search every court house in the land. Conversely, the plaintiff cannot get a monthly affidavit from every court house that she has not remarried. The most that she can do is what has been done, viz. declare, by sworn affidavit, that she has not remarried. If defendant has evidence to the contrary, which he admittedly has not, he must set it forth in his answer “specifically and with particularity.” If defendant’s answer were held sufficient, the jury would be presented with a plaintiff stating under oath that she had not remarried and a defendant without a scintilla of contradictory evidence. Such a vain and useless procedure shall not be encouraged.
Since the defendant has not filed a proper denial and admittedly has no evidence from which such averment can be made, judgment for plaintiff on the pleadings was properly granted.
Judgment affirmed.
Dissenting Opinion
Dissenting Opinion by
This is an appeal from; the, judgment of the lower court summarily entered' in favor of the plaintiff-wife on her motion for judgment on the pleadings,'.
The parties' to this action,' while', still husband and wife, entered into' a separation agreement on August
“2. (c) The payments provided for in subparagraph (a) hereof are to continue until the remarriage or death of Wife or death of Husband, whichever shall first occur, and shall thereupon terminate.”
Thereafter, on November 28, 1949 the parties were divorced.
From August 1, 1949 until October 1, 1953 inclusive, payment was made by defendant on the first of each month. Defendant did not pay the amount alleged to have become due on November 1, 1953, whereupon the plaintiff brought this suit.
After averring the execution of the agreement, Paragraph 2 of plaintiffs complaint alleged: “2. The plaintiff, Dorothy S. Bloch, has never remarried and brings this action on her own behalf.”
Defendant, after admitting the execution of the agreement, averred as follows in his answer to the aforesaid Paragraph 2: “2. Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of the averment that plaintiff has never remarried, because the means of proof are within the exclusive control of an adverse party or hostile per: son, wherefore proof thereof is demanded. Accordingly, the averment that the plaintiff has never remar-' ried is deemed to be denied in accordance with- Penm sylvania Buie of Civil Procedure' Nó. 1029' (c).”
I do not consider it necessary to decide whether the clause “Payments under the contract shall terminate upon remarriage of the wife” is a condition
The question to be decided is not whether the complaint or answer be so clear, in both form and specification, as to entitle the parties to proceed to trial Avith-out amending it, but whether upon the facts averred, it shows with certainty that the laiv will not permit a recovery or defense.
Here the second form of denial permitted by Pa. E. C. P. 1029 (c) Avas used. In my judgment this was proper because the defendant could not be expected to search every public record in the Avorld to ascertain whether the plaintiff-wife had remarried, nor was defendant-husband obliged, under the express wording of the rule, “to rely upon information received from an adverse party or hostile person.” Even though it were not considered a proper denial, defendant should have been permitted to amend. The language of Mr. Justice Simpson in Rhodes v. Terheyden, 272 Pa. 397, 116 A. 364, is particularly appropriate: “Any other conclusion Avould be a reversion to the practice, — common in ancient days, but happily not now, — of making the rights of litigants depend on the skill of the pleader, rather than on the justice of their claims.”
Where a doubt exists as to whether a summary judgment should, be entered, this, doubt should be resolved in favor of refusing, to enter it.
Rhodes v. Terheyden, 272 Pa. 397, 401, 402, 116 A. 364; Moran v. Bair, 304 Pa. 471, 156 A. 81; Adler v. Helsel, 344 Pa. 386, 389, 25 A. 2d 714; Steinhardt v. Russian Orthodox Catholic Society, 366 Pa. 222, 226, 77 A. 2d 393; Sun Ray Drug Co. v. Lawler, 366 Pa. 571, 573, 79 A. 2d 262; Lacy v. East Broad Toy R. R. & Coal Co., 168 Pa. Superior Ct. 351, 77 A. 2d 706.
Rhodes v. Terheyden et al., 272 Pa. 397, 116 A. 364; Briggs et al. v. Logan Iron & Steel Co., 276 Pa. 326, 120 A. 280; Steel v.