8 Daly 48 | New York Court of Common Pleas | 1878
Lead Opinion
The question whether the sale of the pianos to the plaintiff was made with intent to hinder, delay, or defraud creditors was, under the statute (2 R. S. 137, § 4), a question of fact and not of law, which the court was bound to leave to the jury, and the plaintiff’s motion for judgment at the close of the defendant’s evidence was properly denied.
If there is no evidence showing, or tending to show, such a fraudulent intent, the verdict of the jury will, of course, be set aside, and a new trial ordered. But this is not such a case. There was not only ample evidence, but in my opin ion the verdict of the jury was right.
It was a sale by a debtor who was about to fail, and who did fail three weeks afterwards, owing debts to the amount of $16,000, with assets amounting to only $800, made to an intimate friend for a worthless note, which the buyer even did
The jury, evidently, did not believe the testimony either of the debtor Strauss, or of the plaintiff, so far as they respectively made statements to show that the sale was bona fide; and the jury Avere entitled to discredit the evidence of each. The plaintiff Avas , contradicted upon two material points. He swore that he paid the first month’s rent of the room over a lager beer saloon, Avhere the property Avas stored, after the alleged sale, and Schick, the proprietor of the saloon, swore that on the contrary it Avas paid to him by the judgment debtor. The plaintiff SAVore that after the alleged sale, and before the seizure of the property, he went several times to the room to show the pianos to customers, or to see that the pianos were all there in good shape, and AAdiether they were Avell covered; that he went there four or five times, and that after being in the room he Avent doAvn and sarv Schick, the landlord, and that he saw him, he supposed, almost every time he went there; the whole of which Schick denied. Schick not only testified that this statement was untrue, but that the plaintiff could not lmre been at the room AAdthout his (Schick’s) hearing of it; and that Avhen the plaintiff came to see him, after the seizure, with an offer to pay the rent, he bad to ask him Avho he Avas, as he did not knoAV him. The plaintiff was, therefore, not only contradicted in these statements by a disinterested Avitness, but his statements also that he took the note of Kuhn, Avhich he gave for the pianos, because he Avanted to get it discounted ; that the maker Kuhn Avas a man doing a large business and in good credit, whose note he (the plaintiff) knew could be discounted at any time in the German Exchange Bank, was contradicted by evidence of the most satisfactory kind. It was shoAvn by evidence given after the testimony of the plaintiff, that Kuhn, when the note was made, was a broken
The plaintiff was not entitled to the instruction asked, that there was nothing in the testimony to show that the plaintiff knew that Strauss was insolvent or in embarrassed circumstances, or that he or Strauss knew that the note was not worth its full value. It was equivalent to requesting the judge to ignore the whole of the testimony relied upon as showing, and which, in my opinion, did show, the fraudulent intent, and was therefore properly refused.
Where a sale is impeached by evidence tending to show that it was made with a fraudulent intent to hinder or delay creditors, the alleged fraudulent vendor may undoubtedly be asked in general terms whether he had such an intent (Seemour v. Wilson, 14 N. Y. 567). But the question asked and ruled out involved much more than this. The first question asked of Strauss was, whether the transfer of the pianos was for any improper purpose, leaving the question of what was a proper or improper purpose to the witness. The next question asked was not whether the sale was made with the intent which the statute declares shall avoid the sale, but it was a question with which the former one was complicated. It did not ask for a simple statement whether the debtor had any fraudulent intent or not, but for his conclusion as to what he gave the plaintiff to understand in anything that transpired between him and the plaintiff, in conversation or otherwise, that the transaction was for an improper purpose or for the purpose of defrauding Strauss’ creditors.
In my judgment the evidence is so satisfactory and conclusive as to the fraudulent intent with which this sale was made, that it would make no difference what either the plaintiff or Strauss should say in respect to their intent, as the jury evidently did not believe the testimony of either of them. Their intent was evident from the evidence of the whole transaction, and what Blaut or Strauss might swear
The judgment should be affirmed.,
Concurrence Opinion
I concur in all the views expressed by the Chief Justice in his opinion, and am in favor of affirming the judgment, because, in my opinion, none of the exceptions are well taken.
Larrbmore, J., also concurred.
Judgment affirmed.