Blake's case

106 Mass. 501 | Mass. | 1871

Gbay, J.

By the Gen. Sts. c. 124, § 5, no person shall be arrested on an execution issued for debt or damages in a civil action, except in actions of tort, unless the judgment creditor or some person in his behalf makes affidavit before a magistrate that the debtor has been guilty of one of the fraudulent or wasteful acts specified in the statute. The judgment in this case was rendered in an action of contract, and the only act stated in the affidavit upon which the-judgment debtor was arrested on the execution was according, to the first specification in the statute, namely, that the debtor had property, not exempt from being taken on execution, which he did not intend to apply to the payment of the creditors’ claim. But as this debtor was at the time a spendthrift under guardianship, the entire management and control of his property was in Ms guardian, to the same extent as if he had been insane, and could be applied to the payment of Ms debts by Ms guardian only. Gen. Sts. e. 109, § 12. The spendthrift could not so apply it Mmself, and it was impossible that he could be guilty of fraud by not intending to apply to the payment of the judgment creditors’ claim property which he had no power or right to apply to that or any other purpose. The necessary conclusion is, that the affidavit did not charge Mm with any legal fraud, and therefore did not justify his arrest.

We find nothing inconsistent with this view in the cases cited for the creditors. Thacher v. Dinsmore, 5 Mass. 299, and Hicks v. Chapman, 10 Allen, 463, went no further than to declare that the ward’s property might be attached or taken on execution in the hands of his guardian. In Ex parte Leighton, 14 Mass. 207, it was indeed held that the body of an insane person under guardianship might be taken on execution. But at the time of that decision, the statutes did not require any affidavit to warrant an arrest on execution. Sts. 1784, c. 28, § 1; 1810, e. 114; 1816, c. 111. Bailey v. Jewett, 14 Mass. 155. Little v. Newburyport Bank, Ib. 443. And in Conant v. Kendall, 21 Pick. 36, 39, CMef Justice Shaw said that “ the arrest of a spendthrift under guardianship, who is by law deprived of all power over Ms own property and of the means of applying it to the payment of Ms debts, would be alike oppressive to the debtor, and unavailing to the creditor.” Whether this dictum was or was not warranted by the law as it then stood, or could or could not be extended even now to every possible case, it does apply, and with peculiar justice and force, to the present case, in which the debtor is not charged by the affidavit with anything except not intending to apply property to the payment of the creditors’ debt, which he could not consistently with the law have so applied. The proceedings in the case were not therefore sufficient to make the debt< r being a spendthrift, legally liable to arrest on the execution.

The question, whether the prisoner was a person of such a de scription or condition as could be lawfully arrested on proceedings in the form adopted, is clearly open to proof upon a hearing on a writ of habeas corpus. Ex parte Randolph, 2 Brock. 448. In New York it has even been held that a warrant issued for the arrest of a man having' a family, without the preliminary affidavit required by statute, was utterly void, and did not justify the officer. Curry v. Pringle, 11 Johns. 444. Gold v. Bissell, 1 Wend. 210. But the question of the liability of the officer is not now before us, and might be governed by different considerations. For example, an officer who arrests under a process, regular on its face, a person in fact attending court as a witness, and therefore by law exempt from arrest, and makes due return of the process, is not liable for a trespass in arresting him, although he exhibits to the officer a writ of protection; but the witness is entitled to be discharged on habeas corpus, although he has no writ of protection, nor even a summons or any other evidence in writing of his being in attendance as a witness. Wilmarth v. Burt, 7 Met. 257. Small v. Sumner, 6 Gray, 239. May v. Shumway, 16 Gray, 86. The question in this case is, whether the prisoner can be lawfully held; not whether the officer was a trespasser in arresting him.

It being found that the debtor was a spendthrift under guardianship at the time of the arrest, and the" papers being insufficient on their face to justify the arrest of a person in his condition, he is entitled to be discharged on habeas corpus. Commonwealth v. Sumner, 5 Pick. 360. Commonwealth v. Moore, 19 Pick. 339. Clarke’s case, 12 Cush. 320. Adams v. Vose, 1 Gray, 51. Ex parte Beatty, 12 Wend. 229. Nelson v. Cutter, 3 McLean, 326. In Commonwealth v. Whitney, 10 Pick. 434, a judgment debtor, who alleged that the execution had been discharged by the death of the judgment creditor since its issue, was refused a discharge on habeas corpus, and put to his audita querela, because the question of law was doubtful and the creditor had not been heard. But here the process was never sufficient on its face to hold the debtor ; the creditor has been fully heard, both before the justice who issued the writ of habeas corpus, and before the full court and the facts are all proved by record evidence beyond dispute.

We have no occasion to consider -vhethei- the judgment was void, or voidable by writ of error, because the guardian had not been summoned in to defend the action. If this judgment was vali 1, either absolutely or until reversed, the debtor, for the reasons already stated, was not legally liable to be arrested on the execution. If it was voidable or void, the debtor is not the less unlawfully imprisoned. Our decision does not proceed upon the invalidity or irregularity of the judgment, but upon the insufficiency of the execution and the affidavit annexed thereto to justify the arrest of the judgment debtor. Prisoner discharged.