31 Ind. App. 664 | Ind. Ct. App. | 1903
Suit by appellee to quiet title. The cause originated in the Gibson Circuit Court, where a trial resulted in her favor. Appellant took a new trial, .as of right, under the statute, and thereupon the venue was changed to the court below, where it was again tried with a like result. Appellant moved for a new trial on the ground that the finding was contrary to law, and was not supported by sufficient evidence, and for alleged error in admitting certain evidence.
Appellant grounds his right to a reversal solely on the insufficiency of the evidence. t
Appellee claims title by virtue of deeds which were not recorded within the statutory period, but avers in her com
In view of the facts as disclosed by the evidence it is important to state the material averments of the complaint. It is allegfed that on February 19, 1897, Henry Robinson, John Robinson, and Julia A. Jordon were the owners of the undivided two-thirds of the real estate in controversy, which on said day was conveyed to appellee; that said deed was executed before one Gilmore, a justice of the peace; that it was sent to the recorder’s office to be recorded; that the recorder returned it to appellee to be corrected; that she immediately delivered it to said Gilmore for correction ; that while in his possession he died, and that after his death said corrected deed was found, dated February 19, 1897, but not until after appellants had obtained a deed to the same land from a part of the said parties; that immediately after the purchase of said real estate, appellee took possession of it; that she has ever since remained in possession and occupied it, and that she has made valuable improvements thereon; that on the 26th day of June, 1897, Julia A. Jordon, Mack Lucas, and Julia Lucas, formerly Julia Robinson, were the owners of the other undivided one-third interest in said real estate, and on said day conveyed the same to one William M. Stewart, who conveyed the same to appellee on or about the 1st of July, 1897; that said deed had been lost without any fault of appellee and can not be found; that she immediately took possession of said one-third interest in said real estate so conveyed, and has remained in possession ever since; that before said deed was corrected as aforesaid, and after appellee had purchased all of the land in controversy, appellant quietly and secretly obtained, with full knowledge of appellee’s rights therein, a warranty deed from the said John and William Robinson, Mack Lucas, and Julia Lucas to said real estate, together
The decision of the case rests upon the application of the law to the following facts: William J. Jordon died, testate, the owner of several tracts of real estate, including the forty acres in dispute. By his- will he bequeathed to his wife, Julia A. Jordon, in fee, certain of his real estate, and gave her a life estate in all of his lands. The lands in which he gave a life estate to his wife at her death vested in fee in William TI. Robinson, John Robinson, and Julia Robinson, who were children of the testator’s sister. Eebruary 19, 1897, Julia A. Jordon, William H. and John Robinson conveyed by warranty deed to appellee the undivided two-thirds of the real estate in question. That deed was executed before one Gilmore, a justice of the peace, and was tendered to the recorder to be recorded within the statutory period, but he refused to record it because of some defect. It was thereupon returned to the justice of the peace before whom it had been acknowledged for correction; was, in fact, corrected, but never recorded until August 27, 1900. June 26, 1897, Julia A. Jordon, Mack Lucas, and Julia Lucas, nee Robinson, conveyed by warranty deed to William M. Stewart all their interest in and to the forty-acre tract in controversy. This deed was not recorded, and when it was executed Julia Lucas was a minor, while her husband was over the age of twenty-one years. About July 1, 1897, William M. Stewart conveyed the. same land to appellee, which deed was lost, and hence not recorded. July 31, 1897, John Robinson conveyed to appellant all of his interest in the real estate, subject to the life estate of Julia A. Jordan. August 2, 1897, William II. Jordan made a like conveyance to ap
These' facts all stand unchallenged, and the disputed question of fact is, did appellant have notice or knowledge of the several conveyances from the Bobinsons and Mrs. Lucas to appellee before he received his deeds of conveyance from them? A mixed question of law and fact also arises on appellant’s assumption that the conveyance of Mrs. Lucas to him after she became of age was a disaffirmance of her former conveyance to Stewart. We shall first consider the disputed question of fact as to appellant’s knowledge. The evidence does not bring notice to appellant himself, and if he had notice it was through his agents. Both of the Bobinson boys were ignorant and 'illiterate. .They could neither read nor write, and their signatures to all of the deeds are by mark. Their sister, Mrs. Lucas, could barely write her name and read. The evidence does not disclose any dishonesty on their part, for it is not pretended that they sold their interests in this land to appellee, and afterward tried to profit dishonestly by again selling
Julia Lucas testified that the real estate which she conveyed to Stewart was not to be included in what she deeded to appellant. The deed she made to appellant was not read over to her, and, in the light of her evidence, it is clear that she had not intended to include the tract in controversy. This fact may become important when we come to consider the question of her disaffirmance of the Stewart deed, as claimed by appellant.
John Blair admitted in his evidence that John Robinson told him that the forty acres he deeded to appellee was not to be included in appellant’s deed, but 'says that he told him that after the deed was executed to his father, and after the money was paid.
Mack Lucas testified that, before he and his wife and the Eobinsons made their deeds to appellant, he told John Blair that his wife had deeded her interest in the land to Stewart, and that John replied: “He didn’t care much about it. All he cared for was the hill land.” This evidence is not contradicted, except in a general way, and appellant’s agents, his son and Moore, testified, in substance, that they had no knowledge of the several transfers to appellee until after the conveyances to appellant.
From this evidence the trial court was fully warranted in finding, as it must have found, that appellant’s agents had notice of the several conveyances to appellee before they made the conveyances to appellant. The general rule is that notice to an agent is notice to the principal of any matter that is within the scope of the agency. Marion Mfg. Co. v. Harding, 155 Ind. 648; Supreme Court, etc., v. Sullivan, 26 Ind. App. 60.
It has many times been declared that in the relation of the principal and the third party the rule is that notice to an agent is notice to the principal, if the agent comes to the knowledge of facts while he is acting for the principal. Iluffcut, Agency (2d ed.), §§111, 112. In 1 Am. & Eng. Ency. Law-(2d ed.), 1111, it is said: “It may be stated as a broad proposition of. law that notice to an agent is, in contemplation of law, notice to the principal.” See, also, 1 Am. & Eng. Ency. Law, 119. This doctrine has been recognized in repeated decisions both in England and most of the states of the Union. The same rule prevails
In Illinois it was held that if an agent has notice at the time of his purchase for his principal of the equitable rights of another, and of the claim of the latter to have previously purchased the subject-matter of the sale, such fact would be.notice to the principal. Whitney v. Barr, 115 Ill. 289.
In Missouri it was held that he who takes with notice of an equity takes subject to the equity. This is not necessarily positive information brought directly home, but a fact that would put an ordinarily prudent man on inquiry. Also that the party will be as much bound by notice given to his agent as if it was given to himself, personally. Meier v. Blume, 80 Mo. 179.
The rule is that whatever puts a party on inquiry amounts, in law, to notice. Private inquiry would lead to the knowledge of the requisite fact by the exercise of diligence of an ordinarily prudefit man. Indiana, etc., R. Co. v. McBroom, 114 Ind. 198; Wilson v. Hunter, 30 Ind. 466; Case v. Bumstead, 24 Ind. 429; 16 Am. & Eng. Ency. Law, 792.
Under the rules stated, and the facts as disclosed by the record, it is evident that appellant took the conveyances from John and William Robinson and Mrs. Lucas, charged with the knowledge of appellee’s right under her unrecorded deeds.
The recordation of a deed is not essential to its validity as between the parties, and they are bound by it in the absence of such recordation. If it is recorded, it is considered -notice to all the world, and if it is not recorded it can not prevail against a subsequent innocent purchaser without notice. Tiedeman, Real Property, §816. In 3 Washburn, Real Property (5th ed.), 343, the rule is stated as follows: “The proposition may be regarded as appliea
It is urged by appellant that 'Julia Lucas disaffirmed her deed to Stewart after she arrived at her majority by the execution of her deed to appellant. True, the rule is that one who executes a deed during her.or his minority may, upon arrival at majority, under certain, conditions, dis-affirm said deed; and the execution of a deed to another after such majority is in law a disaffirmance. Losey v. Bond, 94 Ind. 67; Riggs v. Fisk, 64 Ind. 100.
In this case, however, under the evidence, the subsequent conveyances by Mrs. Lucas to appellant after her majority would not amount to a disaffirmance, for two reasons: (1) Because it is shown that she did not understand or intend that the land in controversy was to be included in the deed to appellant; and (2) she specifically affirmed the conveyance to Stewart after her majority by re-acknowledging the deed to him. Again it is provided by statute that in “all sales by an infant feme covert of lands belonging to her, and in which sales and conveyances her husband has joined, he being of full age, said infant shall not be permitted to disaffirm said sale, until she shall first restore to the person owning said real estate the consideration she received for said land.” §3364 Burns 1901. Eo pretense is made that Mrs. Lucas restored, or offered to restore the consideration she received from Stewart. There was no disaffirmance in this case.
While the record may fail to show by positive and direct evidence that appellant or his agents knew appellee was in possession, a reasonable inference from all the facts and circumstances, leads conclusively to that result. It is the general rule in the United States that possession of the grantee under a prior recorded deed is constructive notice of title under which he holds. Tiedeman, Real Property, §816 et seep, and authorities there collected and cited.
What we have said disposes of all'questions discussed by counsel adversely to appellant, and the judgment is affirmed.