Bivins v. Tucker
154 S.E. 820
Ga. Ct. App.
1930
Check Treatment
Bell, J.

I. E. Tucker brought suit against E. J. Bivins, to recover a part of the purchase-money of two tracts оf land sold and conveyed by the defendant to the plaintiff in a deed describing one of the trаcts as 90 acres, more or less, and the other as 100 acres, more or less. The petition alleged a shortage of 46.33 acres and 31.67 acres respectively, in the two tracts, and sought to recover the sum of $1436.76 as the relative proportion of the purchase-рrice. The defendant filed a general demurrer to the petition, which the court overrulеd. After this the case proceeded to trial and resulted in a verdict and judgment in favor of the plaintiff. The defendant then made a motion for a new trial, which was still'pending in the trial court when he sued out the present bill of exceptions assigning error upon the judgment overruling the genеral. demurrer to the petition. The defendant in error (the plaintiff in the court below) has moved to dismiss the bill of exceptions, upon the ground that the case is still pending in the court below, in thаt the motion for a new trial “has never been withdrawn, overruled, or dismissed, but now remains of file in said court undisposed of.” The question for decision upon the merits is whether the petition contаined sufficient allegations of fraud. The averments in regard to that issue were as follows: “Petitiоner shows further that the deficiency of 46.33 acres in [the 90-acre tract] is so great as to justify a suspicion of wilful deception, or mistake equivalent thereto; that the deficiency оf 31.67 acres in [the 100-acre tract] is so great as to justify a suspicion of wilful deception, or mistake equivalent thereto. . . Petitioner shows that the defendant represented to him that the acreage *773set up in Ms said deed was approximately correct, but that the 90-aсre tract referred to and described in the petition might be a little short, but only slightly so if short at all; . . that defendant knew a,t the time of said contract of sale that the land was short in acreаge, or by the exercise ‍​‌‌​​‌‌​​‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌​‌​​​​​​‌​‌​​​​​‌‌‌​‌‌‌​​​‌​‍of due diligence should have known of such shortage; that the statements and misrepresentations as to the acreage contained in said deed were made recklessly and negligently and without regard to the truth, and for the purpose of effecting said sale and obtaining petitioner’s money.”

The motion to dismiss is controlled adversely to the defendant in error by the decision of the Supreme Court in Newton v. Roberts, 163 Ga. 135 (135 S. E. 505). In that case the Supreme Court held as follows: "Where a defendant files a general demurrer to a petition, a judgment overruling the demurrer is a final determination of the case as to Mm; and accordingly, under apрlication of the provisions of . . section [§ 6138] of the code, such judgment would be a disposition of the case that would authorize the defendant to assign error thereon in a direct bill оf exceptions. . . The facts that after ‍​‌‌​​‌‌​​‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌​‌​​​​​​‌​‌​​​​​‌‌‌​‌‌‌​​​‌​‍overruling the demurrer the case proceeded to trial and resulted in a verdict for the plaintiff, and that the defendant made a motion for new trial, would not prevent the defendant, acting within the time prescribed by law for filing a bill. of exceptions to such judgment overruling the demurrer, from suing out his direct bill of exceptions assigning error on that judgment while the motion for new trial was pending in,the trial court.”

It is the settled law of this State that if a sale of land is by the tract rather than by the acre, a deficiency in the acreagе can not be apportioned, in the absence of actual or moral fraud on thе part of the vendor. The allegation that the defendant knew that the acreage wаs short, "or by the exercise of ordinary diligence should have known of such' shortage,” was a charge of constructive knowledge only (Thomas v. Georgia Granite Co., 140 Ga. 459, 460, 79 S. E. 130), and it requires more than this to make a case оf actual fraud. Nor did the allegation that the representations "were made recklеssly and negligently and without regard ‍​‌‌​​‌‌​​‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌​‌​​​​​​‌​‌​​​​​‌‌‌​‌‌‌​​​‌​‍to the truth, and for the purpose of effecting said sale and оbtaining petitioner’s money” show a sufficient ground of recovery. An intention to deceive must appear (Smith v. Mitchell, 6 Ga. 458 (7); Kendall v. Wells 126 Ga. 343, 350, 55 S. E. 41; Cooley v. King, 113 Ga. *7741163 (2), 39 S. E. 486; Wooten v. Calahan, 32 Ga. 382; Hendley v. Chambliss, 30 Ga. App. 736, 119 S. E. 351; Penn Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. Taggart, 38 Ga. App. 509, 144 S. E. 400); and while perhaps this might be inferred from all the facts alleged, it is not enough to ayer facts from which the ultimate fact may be inferred, unless the evidentiary facts pleaded are such as to demand the inference of its existence. ‍​‌‌​​‌‌​​‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌​‌​​​​​​‌​‌​​​​​‌‌‌​‌‌‌​​​‌​‍This was not true of the present petition. Wright v. Hicks, 15 Ga. 160 (3) (60 Am. D. 687); Charleston &c. Ry. Co. v. Augusta Stockyard Co., 115 Ga. 70 (41 S. E. 598); Maynard v. Armour Fertilizer Works, 138 Ga. 549 (5) (75 S. E. 582); Davis v. Arthur, 139 Ga. 75 (4) (76 S. E. 676); Gardner v. Western Union Telegraph Co., 14 Ga. App. 403 (4) (81 S. E. 259); Martin v. Greer, 31 Ga. App. 625 (2) (121 S. E. 688); Weems v. Albert Pick & Co., 33 Ga. App. 580 (1 b) (127 S. E. 819); 31 Cyc. 48. “The differenсe between a necessary allegation in a declaration and the evidence which may be sufficient to sustain such' allegation is clear.” Kendall v. Wells, supra; Kirkland v. Brewton, supra.

The petition failed to set forth a cause of action, and therefore ‍​‌‌​​‌‌​​‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌​‌​​​​​​‌​‌​​​​​‌‌‌​‌‌‌​​​‌​‍it was error to overrule the general demurrer.

Judgment reversed.

Jenkins, P. J., and Stephens, J., concur.