Birdie Mae DAVIS et al., Plaintiffs,
v.
UNITED STATES of America, etc., Plaintiff-Intervenor,
v.
BOARD OF SCHOOL COMMISSIONERS OF MOBILE COUNTY et al., Defendants-Appellees,
Twila FRAZIER et al., Defendants-Intervenors,
v.
AMERICAN FRIENDS SERVICE COMMITTEE, David L. Jacobs, and Bill Rosser, et al., Respondents-Appellants.
No. 27849.
United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit.
February 16, 1970.
George W. Dean, Jr., Destin, Fla., Melvin L. Wulf, New York City, Frankie L. Fields, Mоbile, Ala., Reber F. Boult, Jr., Charles Morgan, Jr., Atlanta, Ga., Eleanor Holmes Norton, New York City, of counsel, for appellants.
Abram L. Philips, Jr., Palmer Pillans, George F. Wood, James D. Brooks, Mobile, Ala., for appellee.
Charles S. White-Spunner, Jr., U. S. Atty., Vernon Crawford, Mobile, Ala., for other interested parties.
Before TUTTLE, WISDOM and GOLDBERG, Circuit Judges.
GOLDBERG, Circuit Judge:
For almost a decade there have been judicial efforts to desegregate the schools of Mobile County, Alabama. We do not tarry now to count the many appeals to this court in furtherance of this hope, for we are concerned today with only a single recent episode in this almоst Homeric odyssey. We wonder when the epilogue will be written.
The latest episode is this appeal by David L. Jacobs, Bill Rosser, and the American Friends Service Committee from a preliminary injunction issued by the United States District Court for the Southern District of Alabama. The injunction grew out of a series of demonstrations in April and May of 1969 in support of school desegregation and other civil rights objectives in Mobile County. According to the school board's affidavits — which are contradicted by appellants' affidavits — these demonstrations led to absenteeism on the part of some students and resultеd in substantial disruption of the educational program in some schools.
On May 8, 1969, the Board of School Commissioners of Mobile County filed a petition in thе district court, asking that appellants and others be made parties to the ongoing school desegregation proceeding, claiming that they were responsible for organizing and directing the demonstrations. In its petition the school board asked that these parties be enjoined from engaging in activities designed to dissuade students from attending school or to disrupt the school board's operation of the Mobile County schools. The distriсt court entered an order making appellants and others named by the petition parties to the proceedings and scheduled for May 12, 1969, a hearing on the school board's petition for an injunction. The court also directed that testimony would be by affidavit only.
When the hearing was convеned on May 12, appellants filed a motion to dismiss the petition and another motion asking that any hearing include oral testimony or depositions. The court denied the latter motion, but did not then rule on the motion to dismiss. In response to a request by appellants for additional time to prepare, the court continued the proceedings until the next day.
When the hearing reconvened on May 13, appellants filed a supplement to their motion to dismiss and again noted their objection to proceeding by affidavit only. The court summarily denied the motion to dismiss and reiterated its previоus ruling that the proceedings would be by affidavit only. During these proceedings on May 13 all parties submitted their testimony by affidavit, and the court took the matter under advisement, allowing the parties one additional day for the submission of counter affidavits.
On May 16, 1969, the district court issued a preliminary injunction by which the appellants were
"enjoined and restrained from obstructing and preventing or attempting to obstruct and prevent, the attendance in classes of students and faculty members by inducement, encouragement, assistance, intimidation, or other activities which seek to dissuade students and faculty membеrs from attending classes, or seeks [sic] to disrupt in any way, the operation of the Mobile County Public School System."
This injunction was not accompаnied by any findings of fact or conclusions of law.
After the issuance of the injunction appellants filed a motion in the district court requesting a stay of thе injunction. This motion was denied by the district court. Appellants then sought from this court a stay of the injunction pending appeal. On May 22, 1969, this court issued an order granting the stay "except as to picketing activity on school property." Appellants now seek complete dissolution of the injunctiоn; the school board seeks to uphold the full sweep of the injunction as originally issued by the district court.
In their attack on the injunction appellаnts raise several issues concerning the constitutionality of the injunction and the procedural fairness of the proceedings below. We arе unable to decide these issues because of the incomplete and inconclusive state of the record. Since the trial court failed to give us the benefit of findings of fact and conclusions of law, we have before us only the numerous affidavits introduced by the parties.
In failing to make findings аnd conclusions the trial court violated Rule 52(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Rule 52(a) provides in pertinent part that "[i]n all actions tried upon the facts without a jury or with an advisory jury, the court shall find the facts specially and state separately its conclusions of law thereon, * * * and in granting or refusing interlocutory injunctions the court shall similarly set forth the findings of fact and conclusions of law which constitute the grounds of its action." It is well established that a district court issuing a preliminary injunction must comply with the provisions of this rule. Carey v. Carter, 1965,
It is an understatеment to say that the facts in this case are hotly disputed. The parties by their affidavits present sharply different versions of the factual context in which the injunction was issued. On the basis of these conflicting affidavits it is utterly impossible to ascertain in more than the most general way such basic factual dаta as the nature of the demonstrations which led to the issuance of the injunction, the role played by the appellants in these demonstrations, and the effect of these demonstrations on the school system. The unilluminating state of the present record totally precludes meaningful appellate review of the issues presented by the issuance of the district court's injunctive order.
The order of the district court granting the preliminary injunction is vacated, and the cause is remanded.