89 Ga. App. 37 | Ga. Ct. App. | 1953
1. The defendant was convicted on an indictment containing two counts: Count 1 is based on the operation of an automobile on a public highway while under the influence of intoxicating liquors. Count 2 is based on' Code (Ann. Supp.) § 68-9919. See Ga. L. 1939, pp. 295, 296; 1953, pp. 376, 377. The jury returned a verdict of guilty against the defendant on each count. He filed a motion for new trial on the general grounds and thereafter added two special grounds. The general grounds are not argued and are, therefore, considered abandoned.
2. (a) Special ground 1 complains because the court failed to charge substantially the law that the defendant entered upon the trial with the presumption of innocence in his favor, and that the presumption of innocence remained with him throughout the trial until and unless the State submitted evidence sufficient to convince the minds of the jury of the defendant’s guilt to a moral and reasonable certainty and beyond a reasonable doubt. In this connection, the only charge of the court regarding this question is: “The burden, gentlemen, is imposed on the State to make good the State’s contention of guilt in either or both counts in the accusation. . . The degree of conviction or persuasion, or proof, required of the State in producing a conviction of crime at the hands of a jury, is required to be to a moral and reasonable certainty, and beyond a reasonable doubt. Now, what is meant by a reasonable doubt? What is required of the State? A reasonable doubt is not a vague or a shadowy or a captious, thin doubt, not just any kind of a doubt, but as the word itself implies, a reasonable doubt, one which you could assign a reason in the experience of fair-minded men. . . If you find that the State has carried the burden by convincing you as fair and reasonable men to a moral and reasonable certainty and beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant is guilty of either one or both of (he charges contained in the accusation, you should find a verdict of guilty.”
This did not meet the substantive requirements of the law in regard to
In Thurman v. State, 14 Ga. App. 543 (6) (81 S. E. 796), cited in the Kelly case, this court said: “It is well settled that the failure of the trial judge to charge the jury in a criminal case to the effect that the defendant entered upon his trial with the presumption of innocence in his favor, and that this presumption of innocence remains with him until overcome by proof satisfying the jury of his guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, is reversible error. Coffin v. U. S., 156 U. S. 432 (15 Sup. Ct. 394, 39 L. ed. 481); Reddick v. State, 11 Ga. App. 150 (74 S. E. 901); Butts v. State, 13 Ga. App. 274 (79 S. E. 87).” This assignment of error is meritorious and requires the grant of a new trial.
(6) With reference to count 2, the court charged: “It’s also a violation of the law of this Slate for any person to operate a motor vehicle in any manner, any such manner, as would bo dangerous to the safety of persons or property. Now gentlemen, that’s the law as the Court understands it.” This is an erroneous charge of the law as applied to count 2 of the accusation. The statutory provisions are, among other things: “It is a violation of the law of this State for any person to drive a motor vehicle upon a street or highway in this State in such a manner as to be in wilful or wanton disregard of the safety of persons or property.” What the trial court charged and the provisions of the statute are separate and distinct propositions, as one may observe by reading
The court erred in not sustaining the motion for new trial as to each of the special grounds.
Judgment reversed.