130 Ga. 377 | Ga. | 1908
Binns, as clerk of the city court of Washington, for the use of himself, and for Norman, solicitor, and Bobo, sheriff, brought his petition praying for a mandamus against Ficklen, the county treasurer of Wilkes county, to compel the latter to pay an order which had been drawn on him by the judge of the city court of Washington for the payment of certain convict hire alleged to be due by the county on account of the labor of a misdemeanor convict sentenced to the county chain-gang by the judge of the city court of Washington, and which it was claimed should be paid for the use of the officers of court. The defendant set up that the provision of the act of 1905, establishing the city court of Washington, under which the order was drawn, was unconstitutional. The presiding judge, to whom the case was submitted without the intervention of a jury, sustained the defense and refused to make the mandamus absolute. The petitioner excepted.
Under section 40 of the act of 1905 (Acts 1905, p. 411), the judge of the city court of Washington made an agreement with D. S. Standard, as county commissioner, on October 26, 1906, that, for “one year from date, the price to be paid by the County of Wilkes for able-bodied convicts sentenced to the county chain-gang from the said city court of Washington shall be ten dollars per month.” On the trial of the case it was admitted, that the County of Wilkes had an established chain-gang, that its business and affairs were conducted by a legally elected commissioner of roads and revenues, and that this was true when the agreement was made. A person found guilty of two offenses was sentenced to serve twelve months under each conviction, in the county chain-gang. The clerk, for the use of the officers of court, made out an account claiming the aggregate of $240 as hire due from the county. The presiding judge approved the account and ordered it paid, and a
The controlling question is whether that part of section 40 of the act of August 9, 1905, under which the contract was made by the presiding judge of the city court of Washington with the county commissioner, and under which he ordered the county treasurer to pay the agreed amount of hire for the use of the officers of court,, is unconstitutional on the ground that it is a special provision for the payment by the county of hire for misdemeanor convicts sentenced to its chain-gang, when there already exists a general law authorizing county authorities to work such convicts without the payment of hire.
By the act of 1874 (Acts 1874, p. 24) and later acts provision, was made in regard to working misdemeanor convicts sentenced to labor in the chain-gang. These provisions were codified in 1895, in section 1137 and following sections of the Penal Code. That section reads as follows: “When misdemeanor convicts are sentenced to work in a chain-gang on the public works or roads, or are confined in jail for non-payment of fines, the ordinary, county judge, or board of commissioners, of the county where the convictions were had or where the convicts are confined, may place them, in the county or elsewhere, to work upon the public works of the county, in chain-gangs or otherwise.” This is the general law. There is nothing in it authorizing or requiring a charge to be made against a county for the labor of misdemeanor convicts sentenced by the courts in such county to work in its chain-gang. In Pulaski County v. DeLacy, 114 Ga. 583, it was held that “A county is not liable to the officers of court who rendered services in the trial and conviction of persons charged with a misdemeanor, for the value of the labor of such convicts while worked and confined on a chain-gang established by the county in which such persons are convicted.” In that case the convicti<$ns took place in the superior court, but, with reference to the right of a county to work its misdemeanor convicts without paying hire for them to the officers of court, there is no difference in principle whether the conviction took place in a superior court or other court having jurisdiction to sentence persons to the county chain-gang. These chain-gangs are a part of the general penal system of the State. • As such, under the act of 1897 and acts amendatory thereof, the prison commission has su
It was urged that article 6, section.9, paragraph 1, of the constitution (Civil Code, §5859) declares, that “The jurisdiction, powers, proceedings and practice of all courts or officers invested with judicial powers (except city courts), of the same grade or class, so far as regulated by law, and the force and effect of the process, judgment and decree by such courts, severally, shall be uniform;” and that this exception of city courts also extends to the method of' control of misdemeanor convicts sentenced therein, and authorizes, the provision of the act of 1905 in regard to the city court of Washington. We can not assent to this contention. If this exception of city courts from the general law of uniformity as to jurisdiction,, powers, proceedings, and practice in -courts of the same grade or class were held to authorize special acts providing for the disposition and management of misdemeanor convicts sentenced in city courts, in a manner entirely different from that prqvided by the-general law, why might it not as well be said that, by special enactment, persons convicted of misdemeanors in the city court of Washington might be removed entirely from the supervision and control of the prison commission? The existence of local or special laws-prior to the constitution of 1877, although general laws on the subject might also have existed, throws no light on the question here-discussed. Neither does the fact that the constitution did not repeal pre-existing valid local and private acts not inconsistent witli it. Civil Code, §5935. The briefs of counsel for the plaintiff in error contain some references to the method of payment of insolvent costs, and also to some city courts said to have limited jurisdiction. Neither of these matters is now before us, and we decide.
Judgment affirmed.
