103 Mass. 287 | Mass. | 1869
The existing statute of distributions (Gen. Sts. c. 91, § 1; c. 94, § 16) declares that the estate of an intestate shall be distributed as follows:
“ First. In equal shares to his children, and the issue of any deceased child by right of representation.”
“ Second. If he leaves no issue, then to his father.”
“ Third. If he leaves no issue nor father, then in equal shares to his mother, brothers and sisters, and to the children of any deceased brother or sister by right of representation.”
“ Fourth. If he leaves no issue nor father, and no brother nor sister, living at his death, then to his mother, to the exclusion of the issue, if any, of deceased brothers or sisters.”
“ Fifth. If he leaves no issue, and no father, mother, brother nor sister, then to his next of kin in equal degree.”
These provisions áre substantial, and nearly verbal, reenactments of the corresponding clauses in the St. of 1805, c. 90 §§ 1, 2; and the Rev. Sts. c. 61, § 1, and c. 64, § 1. By another provision, originally inserted in the statute of distributions, but since transferred to the statute of definitions, the word “ issue ”
Two leading rules are aSirmed by these statutes; the one, that all lineal descendants, in whatever degree, shall share in the estate; the other, that, in distribution among collaterals, only those in equal degree shall share, except in the single case of collaterals in the nearest possible degree to the intestate, namely, his brothers and sisters, with.whom those of one degree further off. being the children of a deceased brother or sister, may partake. The distinction between the words “children” and “issue” is carefully preserved throughout. “ Issue ” necessarily includes children; but “children” does not include more remote issue. The third clause of the statute in terms limits the right to share to “the children of any deceased brother or sister.” The additional restriction in the fourth clause, excluding all issue, even children, of deceased brothers and sisters, when all the intestate’s brothers and sisters are dead and his mother survives, does not extend the right to partake, already clearly limited by the third clause, when some of the brothers and sisters are still living.
This construction of the third clause is the most natural, if not the unavoidable, interpretation of its words; it has been often, and we believe uniformly, acted on in this Commonwealth and in the state of Maine, under the St. of 1805, and the reenactments thereof, expressed in the same words; and it accords with the practice, judicially sanctioned, under the statutes of England and of Massachusetts upon this subject for more than a century before the passage of that statute. St. 22 & 23 Car. II. c. 10, § 7. 2 Williams on Executors, (5th Am. ed.) 1363. Prov Sts. 1692, (4 W. & M.) c. 14, § 1; 1710, (9 Anne) c. 2, § 1; Anc. Chart. 230, 390; 1 Prov. Laws, (State ed.) 43, 652. St. 1783, c. 36. Sheffield v. Lovering, 12 Mass. 491, 493, 494. 4 Dane Ab. 538, 539. Commissioners’ notes on Rev. Sts. c. 61, § 1 Quinby v. Higgins, 14 Maine, 309.
The result is, that the quarter of the estate of the intestate, as to which the administrator asks the instructions of the court, is to be distributed among the children, to the exclusion of the grandchildren, of the deceased sister.
Decree accordingly.