72 So. 110 | Ala. | 1916
On March 5, 1878, John L. Blair and wife conveyed to Sim Jordan the northwest quarter of the northeast quarter of section 9, township 4, range 1 west, reserving as a roadway narrow strips, 30 feet wide on the west side, and 15 feet wide on the north side thereof. It is undisputed that the mother of appellants furnished the money with which these lands were bought. On November 29, 1880, Sim Jordan and wife conveyed to the appellants and Jackson Fletcher the 40 acres in question, with the exception of said 30 feet on the west and 15 feet on the north.
Before 1890, one of the joint owners, Jackson Fletcher, becoming 21 years of age, insisted on a partition of said lands, and his portion, one-fifth, was accordingly marked off and set apart to him as 8 acres. The lines and corners thereof were fixed and he was given, and assumed, the immediate and exclusive possession of this tract. After assuming such possession, on December 28, 1891, said Fletcher and his wife mortgaged to Mary A. Murphy 6 of the 8 acres, describing this tract by metes and bounds, it being the tract now indicated on the map as “D.” After this mortgage was foreclosed by Mary A. Murphy, on March '6, 1905, she and her husband made appellee a deed to said tract, describing it as: “Six acres in the southeast corner of northwest quarter of the northeast quarter of section 9, township 4, range 1 west, and more fully described as follows, to-wit: Beginning at a stake in the center of the northeast quarter of section 9, township 4, range 1 west, thence west 15.12 chains, thence
These conveyances recognize the partition of the lands made at the instance of Jackson Fletcher, the allotment of his one-fifth of the same, and his conveyance of said 6-acre tract thereof according to the allotment.
In Yarborough’s Adm’r v. Avant, 66 Ala. 526, 631, Chief Justice Brickell announced the same principle and cited, as authority therefor, Hazen v. Barnett, 50 Mo. 506; Freeman on Cotenancy and Partitions, § 402. He said: “The parol partition, accompanied by possession, not continued so long that, in a court of law, the statute of limitations would operate a bar to a real action by Yarbrough, or his heirs, in which the legal estate resided, passed to Avant a mere equitable title, of which the court of law, on the trial of the real action, could take no notice. * * * A court of equity will intervene, and confirm a parol partion of lands which is founded on a valuable consideration, when it is attended by possession. * * * The court proceeds
In Hazen v. Barnett, supra, the court said: “Although it is laid down that a parol partition is good as between the parties when accompanied by possession, yet it seems to me that the equitable title only passes, which by adverse possession may ripen into a legal estate. In my opinion the plaintiffs had a right to have this parol partition confirmed by a decree vesting in them whatever title the defendant had in the premises.”
The general statement of the rule in section 402 of Freeman on Cotenancy and Partition is based on Lord Chancellor Hardwicke’s opinion in the Ireland-Rittle Case, supra. Mr. Freeman concludes as follows: “While the legal title might not, perhaps, be considered as passing by parol partition, unless after a possession sufficiently long to justify the presumption of a deed, yet the parol partition, followed by a several possession, would leave each cotenant seized of the legal title to one-half of his allotment and the equitable title to the other half, and by a bill in chancery he could compel from his cotenant a conveyance of the legal title according to the terms of the partition.”—Tomlin v. Hilyard, 43 Ill. 302, 92 Am. Dec. 118; Eaton v. Tallmadge, 24 Wis. 221; Buzzell v. Gallagher, 28 Wis. 678; Freeman on Cot. & Part. § 408, and authorities.
Mr. Justice Sayre collects many authorities in Oliver v. Williams, 163 Ala. 376, 50 South. 937, to the effect that in ejectment a parol partition between tenants in common, followed by possession taken and retained thereunder, may be given in evidence as binding on them and as tending to show a repudiation of the other cotenants’ rights, and as a claim of exclusive ownership brought actually to the knowledge of the other cotenants. He says: “The case of Yarborough v. Avant, 66 Ala. 526, seems to recognize, inferentially at least, that a parol partition of lands, followed by possession, continued for so long a time that the statute of limitation operates as a bar, vests in the cotenants legal title to the parts assigned to them respectively. At the common law a voluntary partition of lands could be made by parol between tenants in common.”
The opinion (163 Ala. 382, 50 South. 939) closes a discussion of the American cases with these words: “Judge Freeman (section 398, Cot. & Part.) concludes it to be evident that a parol
In 21 Am. & Eng. Ency. Law (2d Ed.) 1138-1141, the text is: '“In equity, however, it is very generally considered that a. parol partition, followed by exclusive possession in severalty and the exercise of ownership by the parties or those claiming under or ■through them, for a considerable time, even though not long enough for the possession to ripen into title by virtue of the statute of limitations, with the acquiescence of all concerned, will be binding upon the parties so far as to give to each cotenant the equitable title to and the right to exclusive possession of his -part, and may be enforced in a court of equity on the ground that such possession and acquiesence constitute a part of the performance (Welchel v. Thompson, 39 Ga. 559, 99 Am. Dec. 470; Lacy v. Gard, 60 Ill. App. 72; Weed v. Terry, 2 Doug. [Mich.] 344, 45 Am. Dec. 257; Kennemore v. Kennemore, 26 S. C. 251, 1 S. E. 881), or that the actions of the parties joining in and accepting exclusive possession under the parol partition will estop them from asserting any title or right to possession in violation of its terms.”—Whaley v. Dawson, 2 Sch. & Lef. 367; Berry v. Seawell, 65 Fed. 742, 13 C. C. A. 101; Allen v. Seawell, 70 Fed. 561, C. C. A. 217; Le Bourgeoise v. Blank, 8 Mo. App. 434.
In the case before us, the mortgage to Murphy was not of an undivided interest in the lands, but of the whole interest in the 6-acre tract, of the allotment to the mortgagor of his interest in the lands; and the attack now sought to be made is not by Mrs. Murphy, the mortgagee, but by her grantee. This insistence of the appellee is untenable.
In Long’s Appeal, supra, the court said, of the right of a mortgagee to contest a partition: “A mortgagee of an undivided estate is not entitled to be made a party to a proceeding in partition. He is not the owner of the estate, but a mere incumbrancer, who cannot claim to elect or to refuse a purport, to give security for owelty, or to do any act affecting the title or estate of his mortgagor. His estate is defeasible, and the moment-his debt is paid it ceases. What sort of a decree would it be to award him the share or purport of his mortgagor until his debt should be paid? On what principle should a mere incumbrancer, whose estate is liable at any moment to be defeated, claim the right to say what share shall be taken for his mortgagor, or to refuse to take any? He cannot thus interfere with the lasting rights of the owner. How far a court would permit him to come into the proceedings to defend his interests against unfairness, and thus protect his security, is not the question. In order to be entitled to be made a party, he must have an estate, as owner, such as would confer the rights and powers of an owner. If then he cannot claim to be a party at law, he cannot object to a voluntary partition by the parties themselves. If competent they are not bound to go to law to make the partition. When partition is made the security of the mortgage follows the separation, and
The foregoing authorities settle definitely that when the 8 acres were set off to Jack Fletcher at his insistence, his interest in the balance of the 40 acres ceased to exist in equity.
The 6-acre tract, indicated as “D” on the map attached to the bill, was conveyed by Jackson Fletcher to Mary A. Murphy on December 28, 1891, more than 20 years before the bill was filed in this cause, which was on December 31, 1912.—Payne v. Ryder, 24 Beav. 151; Blacker v. Dunlop, 93 Ga. 819, 21 S. E. 135; Love v. Love, 28 N. C. 104; Fleming v. Kerr, 10 Watts. (Pa.) 444.
In Goodman v. Winter, 64 Ala. 410, 430, 38 Am. Rep. 13, Chief Justice Brickell said, of possession after partition: “The partition or division simply designates the portion or share of the estate, real and personal, each devisee or legatee is entitled to hold in severalty under the will. The possession, with claim of exclusive title to the premises in controversy — exclusive, so far as the other devisees are concerned — by Mrs. Holcombe and those claiming under her, for more than 20 years, was sufficient evidence of a partition, or division, and of her title in severalty. * * * The presumption that there had been a division or partition, and the premises had been assigned to her, would arise from the length of possession.”—McArthur v. Carrie, 32 Ala. 75, 70 Am. Dec. 529; Harrison v. Heflin, 54 Ala. Ala. 552; Kidd, et al. v. Borum, 181 Ala. 144, 161, 61 South. 100, Ann. Cas. 1915C, 1226.
The presumption is indulged in furtherance of justice, but is not allowed to work injustice.—Jones v. McPhillips, 82 Ala. 102, 112, 2 South. 468.
The complainant, as grantee, through and under Jackson Fletcher, seeks to hold the 6-acre tract D allotted to said Fletcher, and by him conveyed in severalty to Murphy and by Murphy conveyed in severalty to complainant (2 Bl. Comm. 179) ; and yet asks that a court of chancery decree a sale and division of the remaining lands of the original 40-acre tract, with permission to complainant to participate therein.—Thompson, et al. v. Busoh-Everett Co., 133 La. 938, 63 South. 474.
When the infant joint owners reached their respective majority, and ratified the partition, no third person could have an annulment thereof or question the sufficiency of the allotment.
The evidence is clear that after this partition and allotment to Jackson Fletcher of the two tracts aggregating 8 acres indicated on complainant’s map attached as Exhibits D and C, said Fletcher had no further interest in the other lands in said quarter section, and could convey no title or interest therein to his grantees. The chancellor will enter a proper decree pursuant to this parol partition, and the view we have expressed, investing Martha Betts, John Jordan, Anna Lee Jordan, and Mary Robinson with the title to the tracts B, E, and F, as shown on complainants’ exhibit map, or B, F, G, H, and I, as shown on respondents’ exhibit map and will further enter proper decree of reformation and cancellation. of the several deeds of conveyance under which complainant seeks to hold an interest as purchaser from Jackson Fletcher and Sim Jordan, of the said lots, and which are specifically pointed out in the cross-bill and the exhibits thereto, removing such cloud on the title to the said respective lots. For this purpose the cause is reversed and remanded.
The court erred in sustaining demurrer to the cross-bill. The relief sought therein was germane to the purpose of the original bill; the complainant having averred a joint ownership of the lands by purchase of Jackson Fletcher’s interest, and, as such grantee, invoked the aid of a court of equity for its sale for division. The cross-bill in effect sought an affirmance of the parol partition, a correction of the conveyances under which the complainant claimed, as a cloud on respondents’ title, and a cancellation of other conveyances to complainant, as a cloud on the title acquired by the parol partition of the whole tract of land, of which respondents and complainant’s grantee, Jackson Fletcher, were the original joint owners.
Under the evidence the chancellor correctly decreed cancellation and annulment of the deed from Jackson Fletcher to Henry Fletcher, of date December 19, 1912, recorded in Deed Book 105, p. 337; and cancellation and annulment of the deed of Henry
Affirmed in part, and in part reversed and remanded.