148 P. 374 | Wyo. | 1915
This is an action on a written contract for the payment of money only, brought in the District Court in Sweetwater County by Mike Bertagnolli against Bertagnolli Biros., a domestic copartnership, and Phillip Bertagnolli. The petition was filed June 26, 1912, and a summons was issued on the same da)»- properly made returnable July 8, 1912, and
On September 18, 1912, the defendants filed a motion for new trial and on September 19th an amendment to that motion. The motion and the amendment were afterwards overruled by the court, the entry recording such ruling reciting that the court refused to set aside the judgment entered by the clerk or grant a new trial. The entry also recites that each of'the defendants excepted to the ruling. Without reciting the several grounds stated in the motion or the amendment thereto it is sufficient to say that the defendants thereby challenged the authority of the clerk to
The court could not properly have considered the demurrer or extended the time for pleading without first setting aside the judgment, and a motion for new trial is not the usual or correct method for procuring the vacation of a default judgment. The proper practice would have been to move to set aside the judgment and the default. But if the clerk was without authority to enter the judgment it is immaterial that the matter was not presented by a proper motion for such a judgment rendered without authority is void, and the court.might vacate it without a motion, and it would be competent to raise the question for the first time in the appellate court. Authority is conferred upon the clerk of the District Court to enter a default judgment in certain cases, without application to the court or judge, by Section 4456, Wyoming Compiled Statutes (1910). The section reads as follows:
“In an action upon an account, or written instrument or other contract, express or implied, for the payment of money only, or in foreclosure, judgment may be entered at anytime during the term, after the defendant is in default for an answer, but the court may, for good cause shown, give'further time for answer. After the expiration of such time for answer and the defendant’s default, as herein specified, the clerk of the court shall, upon application of*235 the plaintiff, or his attorney, in writing or orally enter judgment for the amount with interest endorsed on the writ, and specified in plaintiff’s verified petition, together with the costs of the action, and no other or further proof of plaintiff’s claim shall be required in such case.”
That part of the section providing for the entry of judgment by the clerk was added by an amendment of the section in 1905. (Laws 1905, Ch. 62.) It is generally held under such a statute that it directs the judgment to be entered and that the clerk acts merely in a ministerial capacity; and upon that ground the validity of statutes conferring such authority upon the clerk is upheld. (See Utah Assn. &c. v. Bowman, 38 Utah, 326, 113 Pac. 63, Ann. Cas. 1913B, 334.) The court in the case cited, speaking of this power of the clerk, say: “This duty-is imposed by law, and the clerk has no discretionary powers with respect thereto. His act in entering such a judgment is no more judicial or discretionary than his act in entering a judgment upon the verdict of a jury or the finding of the court would be. In either case the law imposes the duty, and in entering the judgment the clerk merely executes. what the law requires of him.” Hence it must appear that any judgment so entered by the clerk was within the authority conferred by the statute, or otherwise the judgment will be void. (Freeman on Judg., Sec. 533; 1 Black on Judg., Sec. 88.) It is said in Freeman on Judgments in the section cited: “The clerk derives all his powers from the statute, and as they are special no intendments are to be made in support of his act, but in each case it must appear that what he did was Avithin the authority conferred on him by the statute. * * * * The question is, had he authority to enter the defendant’s default, and thereupon judgment final against him as the case stood at that time? If this question is ansAvered in the negative, or in other words, if the clerk had no authority to enter the default, or if, having authority to enter the default, he had no authority to enter judgment thereon, then any judgment entered by him Avithout the direction of the court is Amid.” It is held, however, that where the authority
The question presented in this case goes to the jurisdiction, for it involves the authority or power of the clerk to act at all, in view of the fact that a demurrer had been filed before judgment was applied for or entered and remained on file and undisposed of. The question to be determined is this: Did the filing of the demurrer after the time for answer had expired, without leave of court or consent, but before the application for judgment, divest the clerk of the authority conferred by statute to enter the judgment? We think it clear that unless'the demurrer was a nullity the clerk was not authorized to enter a default judgment. Acting ministerially only, life has no power to determine the sufficiency of an answer or other pleading, either as to form or substance, or whether, if filed out of time, it shall be allowed to remain on file. Only the court or judge may determine those questions. An objection to a pleading on the ground that it was filed out of time may be waived, and the court in the exercise of a- sound discretion may refuse to strike it from 'the files and consider it as though filed in time. Under Section 4456, above quoted, the time for answer may be extended, and Section 4418 (Comp. Stat. 1910) provides that the court, or a judge thereof in vacation, may, for good cause shown, extend the time for filing any pleading upon such terms as are just. If the plaintiff had moved to strike the demurrer from the files the court might have overruled the motion and allowed the pleading to stand, which would be conclusive unless excepted to and subsequently set aside. (Parker v. Haight, 14 O. C. C. 548; Newsom’s Admr. v. Ran, 18 O. 240; Seymour v. Ry. Co., 4 N. E. 236, 44 O. St. 12; Lyons v. Fidelity Lodge, 2 Wkl. L. Bull., 97; Hengehold v. Gardner, 14 Wkl. L. Bull., 958; Carver v. Williams, 6 Wkl. L. Bull., 672.) The showing necessary or sufficient to prevent the striking from the files
It was said in Parker v. Haight, supra: “We think the power which rests in the court, given by the statute granting it the power to extend the time for filing any pleading, or to give leave at any time to file a pleading, is a power given to the court which may be exercised at any time and in any manner it pleases, unless objection be made at the time or subsequently, and exception taken to that order or rule. The court having power to grant leave to file a petition out of rule, it has power to take up and consider it when it is filed out of rule, without making any order on that subject, and when it shall have done so, to"render judgment;, and that judgment will be conclusive, unless some method is taken in the court to set it aside.”
In Carver v. Williams, supra, the court say: “The demurrer having been filed out of time, the court was not bound to consider it; but having considered it, it was equivalent to giving leave to file it after default.” In Seymour v. Ry. Co., supra, a demurrer was filed out of time without leave of court, raising the question of the statute of limitations. The demurrer was sustained and thereupon judgment was rendered against the plaintiff. It was contended in the appellate court that the demurrer filed after the defendant was in default should not be used to raise the question of the statute of limitations. Considering that contention, the court said: “This demurrer was filed November 13, 1879, and was heard October 27, 1881, nearly two years thereafter. No objection was interposed during'all this'time by the plaintiff, though it appears that the issue presented was on the latter day ‘argued by counsel,’ when the demurrer was adjudged well taken and final judgment rendered. Had the point been presented to the court on a motion to strike out the objectionable pleading as being filed out of rules' and not with leave, and the court had overruled thait motion, error might have been assigned to that ruling if it was erroneous. But no objection was then made, and as the parties
It is true that a party does not have the right without leave to file a pleading after the time therefor has expired, but on the other hand it is not the absolute right of the opposite party to have such a pleading stricken from the files, though he may move to strike it from the files, and that is the proper practice. But, in the exercise of a sound discretion and upon a proper showing, the court may allow it to stand as a pleading in the case, and, therefore, while the action of the court in that respect may be error, it cannot, we think, be reasonably held that a pleading so filed is a nullity. On the contrary, the rule best sustained by authority is that where the pleading has been filed before application for judgment it is improper to render judgment by default while it remains on file and undisposed of, although it may have been filed out of time and without leave or consent. (6 Ency. Pl. & Pr. 82, 85; Pett v. Clark, 5 Wis. 198; Maxwell v. Jarvis, 14 Wis. 549; Walker v. Tiffin Min. Co., 2 Colo. 89; Castle v. Judson, 17 Ill. 381; Cook v. Forest, 18 Ill. 581; Fish v. Wheeler, 31 Ill. App. 596; City of Pana v. Humphreys, 39 Ill. App. 641; Mason v. Abbott, 83 Ill. 445; Redfield v. Miller, 59 Ia. 393, 13
In Bowers v. Dickerson, supra, where an answer was filed after the time allowed and the court upon motion refused to set it aside and grant judgment by default, the Supreme Court of California said: “It was, perhaps, not strictly regular to file the answer after the time for answering had expired without leave of the court; but as the default of the defendant had not been entered, we think the filing was not a nullity. It was at most a mere irregularity, for which the answer might have been stricken out, but on account of which the plaintiff was not entitled to have it set' aside, unless the court, in the exercise of its discretion, deemed such to be the proper course. The whole proceedings were in fieri, and our opinion is that the court had absolute power either to retain the answer or to permit another to be filed, or to pursue whatever course in that respect the justice of the case required.” In the later California case of Reher v. Reed, supra, it appeared that no answer or demurrer had been filed within the time allowed therefor, but that after the time had expired and before default had been entered or demanded an answer was filed; and thereafter upon application by the party against whom the answer had been filed the clerk entered a default for the failure to file an answer within the time allowed and thereupon entered judgment. ' With reference to this situation the Supreme Court held that the default was not authorized and should have been set aside by the lower court, stating that there
In Lunnun v. Morris, supra, a case decided by the Court of Appeals of the Second District of California, the general rule where an answer is filed after the expiration of the time provided by law was said to be that the default should not be entered until the answer has first been stricken from the files. In Rose v. Lelande, 20 Cal. App. 502, 129 Pac. 599, it appeared that the answer was filed in due time, but it was contended that such answer was insufficient. Considering an application for a writ of mandate directed to the clerk of the court commanding him to enter the default of the defendants, the court said: “The question as to the sufficiency of the answer was one for the court to determine upon a motion for judgment upon the pleadings, or motion to strike the purported answer from the files, upon the granting of which latter motion, there being no answer to file, and the time for pleading to the complaint having expired, the clerk would be warranted in entering a default. The clerk in entering a default acts ministerially, and in no case is he warranted in making such entry where his authority so to do depends upon a determination of the sufficiency, either as to the substance or form, of a document on file purporting to constitute an answer to the complaint.” There being a statute in California to the same effect as the statute in this state authorizing the entering of a default judgment by the clerk, the cases in that state upon the question are particularly in point, and we think the rule there adopted with reference to- the authority of the clerk under the circumstances stated is the correct one, and the one that should be adopted here.