Berry v. Berry, 83 W. Va. 763

83 W. Va. 763 | W. Va. | 1919

POFFENBARGER^ JUDGE:

This appeal has brought up a decree for review entered in a suit which seems to have arisen largely out of family, dissensions. The plaintiff sought a decree enjoining an action of assumpsit instituted- against him; by his daughter-in-law and requiring her specifically to perform an alleged contract of purchase of real estate. Her husband, the'plaintiff’s son, was made a party defendant also,, but he has not joined his wife in her defense to the suit. She filed an answer denying the contract of purchase alleged, but setting up a parol gift of the lot in question,.by her father-in-law to her, and improvement thereof by the expenditure of her money on it to the extent of $1,143.00, in reliance upon the gift, and asking a decree for repayment of her money or for a conveyance of the lot to her, by way of affirmative relief. Denying relief to both parties, the court dismissed the bill and the plaintiff has appealed. The female, defendant has cross-assigned error.

The defendants were married in 1902, and seem to have lived in rented property until 19Ú6. At that time, they had three children and the wife’s mother resided , with them. Of the $1,800.00 received by.the wife from her father’s estate, about $650.00 had then been expended by her- in the payment of rent, doctor’s bills and living expenses.' In 1906, the remainder of her money, $1,143.00, was- turned over to the plaintiff and used by Mm in construction of a house on a portion.of .a lot owned by Mm, it being susceptible of division, and, on the completion thereof, the defendants moved into it and have ever since resided there: During tMs period, other cMldren’were born and their oldest child is now about' seventeen years old, while thé youngest is about seven. The plaintiff expended- about -$1,373.00 in, the. construction. of the house, removal of an old building from the lot,.wiring of the bouse for electricity, plumbing it for gas and water and- tbe digging of a cellar. Since its completion,' hé has expended some additional money in the payment of taxes and assessments on the property and costs of insurance and repairs. The female defendant brought her action in assumpsit for recovery of the money she had turned over to him.. The plaintiff claims he took this'money and used it in the construction of the house, under an agreement with thfe defendants that they would pay him 'for the lot and the amount expended by him in the construction of the house, in excess of the amount the wife had turned over to him, and prays specific performance of this alleged contract. TTis claim is something more than $800.00. On the other hand, the wife denies that any such contract was ever made and charges that the plaintiff took her money and used it, with the understanding and agreement that he would convey the lot to her as a gift. She further denies that she ever agreed to reimburse him for any of his own money expended in the construction of the house, the payment of taxes thereon,' the cost of insurance, repairs, paving assessments or anything else.

In addition to her own oath as to the understanding upon which she parted with her money, the wife relies upon the testimony of two other witnesses who say that, in conversations with them, the plaintiff declared he had given the lot to her. Her contention has very potent support in the facts and circumstances also. The money she thus parted with was all she had and her situation was such as to preclude possibility of any earnings on her part. Evidently, the husband could not be relied upon for anything. His inability to keep the property insured and repaired and pay the taxes on it was admittedly part of the cause of some of the payments made by his father. The plaintiff gave' her no- receipt for the money she turned over to him nor did he take anybody’s obligation for the amounts expended by him in the construction of the house and payment of other charges to which reference has been made. For a period of about ten years, nothing.-was done by way of consummation- of.-the agreement between the parties, what ever it may have-been. In 1916, some sort of a controversy arose between the defendants, the husband and wife, and then she says she demanded some kind of security for her money, and, about the time of the institution of her action of assumpsit to recover it, she made a formal demand for the execution of a deed, in fulfillment of what she says was the agreement between them. In our opinion, the evidence considered as a whole, very decidedly preponderates in her favor.

This was a transaction between a man and his daughter-in-law, making provision, for his seemingly helpless or worthless son and his helpless grand children, as well as for her, and in which she contributed, not only the greater part of the money, but everything she had. The relationship constituted a very strong incentive to a gift and the circumstances strongly tend to negative the theory of a contract. "She had nothing with which to perform a contract of purchase, nor any hope of future ability to perform it, and that he knew as well as she did. The son, for some reason presumably known to him, had neither provided a home nor support for himself and his family. It is altogether improbable that Idle plaintiff relied upon him as a party in the contract. He does not claim any express promise of reimbursement for his expenditures in the payment of taxes, assessments and costs of repairs and insurance. He claims only right to make these payments and charge them as liens upon the property, by reason of his alleged interest in it as vendor of the lot, in an unperformed contract of sale. There was never a suggestion of any such right or intention to claim it, until after the trouble arose between the husband and wife, resulting in a demand upon him for confirmation of her right in some way. She has had the full beneficial use and enjoyment of the property in question and the money expended upon it by the plaintiff, for several years, and all the circumstances point unerringly to a gift of it to the wife. The evidence of intent to make the gift claimed is •supported by a strong meritorious consideration for it.

The relation subsisting between the parties constituted what the law deems to be a good cr meritorious consideration, ■as contradistinguished from a valuable consideration. Corwin v. Corwin, 6 N. Y. 342, 57 Am. Dec. 453, bolds a conveyance from a man to bis son-in-law, in consideration of natural love and affection only, void for lack of consideration. But tbe weight of authority is otherwise. Bell v. Scammon, 15 N. H. 381, 41 Am. Dec. 707; Gale v. Coburn, 18 Pick. (Mass.) 397. In the case last mentioned, the grantee had been the husband of the grantor’s deceased daughter and was the father of two children by her. The following observations of Chief Justice Shaw in that case fit this stronger one exactly: “The general rule is, that the consideration must be consanguinity or marriage. The doubt suggested in the present case respecting the consideration of marriage, is this: supposing the consideration would have been good whilst the relation of husband and wife subsisted between the daughter of the grantor and the grantee, yet whether, after the death of such daughter and wife, the consideration of marriage could be considered as still subsisting. But it is not necessary to decide that point, because here was consanguinity. The grantor was the grandfather of two of the grantee’s children. Kindred is sufficient without regard to the nearness or remoteness of the degree. But here might be an efficient or operating motive, and the grantor might well suppose, that the most effectual mode of advancing his grandchildren, was to vest the property in one, bound by every consideration of legal obligation, moral duty and parental affection, to provide for their maintenance, education and advancement.” It can make no possible difference that the donee or covenantee here is the wife of a living son of the donor or covenantor, to whom she had, at the date of the contract, borne three children.

That a court of equity will decree specific performance of a parol gift of land, when it is supported by a meritorious consideration and the donee has entered into possession of the property, and expended money in the improvement thereof, on the faith of the gift, is well and firmly settled. Frame v. Frame, 32 W. Va. 463; Harrison v. Harrison, 36 W. Va. 487; Crim v. England, 46 W. Va. 480; Cox v. Cox, 26 Gratt. 305; Pigg v. Corder, 12 Leigh 69; Reid’s Heirs v. Vannorsdale, 2 Leigh 589; Darlington v. McCoole, 1 Leigh 36; Shobe’s Ex’rs. v. Carr, 4 Munf. 10.

Upon these principles and conclusions, the' decree will be reversed, a decree entered ■ requiring the plaintiff to com vey to the defendant, Treva Berry, the house, and lot in the bill and proceedings mentioned and described and the cause remanded, without prejudice to the right of the former to have a decree on his bill enjoining the action of assumpsit brought against him by the latter, if necessary for his protection.

Reversed and remanded.