71 Conn. 733 | Conn. | 1899
The defendant is the administratrix on the estate of William F. Lacey, late of Danbury. The plaintiff presented to her for payment a certain written guaranty made by the said Lacey in his lifetime. She disallowed the claim and this suit was then brought. The writing was as follows:—
“ $600. Danbury, Ct., June 8th, 1869.
“ One day after date, I promise to pay to the order of Wm. F. Lacey, six hundred dollars, value received, with interest.
“ Wm. G. Randaul.”
Indorsed on the back: “ For value received, I hereby guarantee the payment of the within note until paid.
“ W. F. Lacey.”
At the time this note and guaranty were executed and delivered, there was a verbal agreement by all the parties that payment should not be required so long as Mr. Randall should pay the interest thereon each year as it became due. This he did each year up to and including the year 1882. In 1883 he paid nothing, nor has he paid anything at any time since. The plaintiff has had no communication regarding said note with Mr. Randall or Mr. Lacey since June 8th, 1883. Mr. Lacey died March 30th, 1896.
The defendant insisted that the plaintiff’s right to recover on the guaranty was barred by the statute of limitations; and this is the only question in the case.
What the character of that contract is was discussed by this court in the very recent case of Rising v. Andrews, 66 Conn. 58, 65. What we said in that case is applicable in this.
“ The rule is that a cause of action cannot exist against a surety, as such, unless a cause of action exists against his principal. Ordinarily the liability of such a surety is measured precisely by the liability of the principal. Brandt on Suretyship, § 121; Seaver v. Young, 16 Vt. 658; Boone County v. Jones, 54 Iowa, 699, 709; Patterson's Appeal, 48 Pa. St. 342, 345; McCabe v. Raney, 32 Ind. 309. . . . The obligation of a surety is an obligation accessory to that of a principal debtor, and it is of the essence of this obligation that there should be a valid obligation of some principal. Thus, where one agrees to becomo responsible for another, the former incurs no obligation as surety, if no valid claim ever arises against the principal. Chitty on Contracts (11th ed.), 788. If the principal is not holden, neither is the surety; for there can be no accessory if there is no principal. De Colyar on Principal & Surety (Amer. ed.), 39; Addison on Contracts, § 1111. The existence of a principal debtor is a condition precedent to the operation of the contract of a surety. Hazard v. Irwin, 18 Pick. 95; Swift v. Beers, 3 Denio, 70; Mountstephen v. Lakeman, L. R. 7 Q. B. 196, 202; Mallet v. Bateman, L. R. 1 C. P. 163. This is only in accordance with the general law of contracts which prevents a contract from becoming operative unless and until all conditions precedent are fulfilled. Brandt on Suretyship, § 214; Farmers & Mechanics'
The same general doctrine is held in many other cases in this State. Willey v. Paulk, 6 Conn. 74; DeForest v. Strong, 8 id. 513, 522; Bull v. Allen, l9 id. 101; Glazier v. Douglass, 32 id. 393; Candee v. Skinner, 40 id. 464.
The special claim in this case is that the words “ until paid ” operated to enlarge the ordinary contract of suretyship, so as to take this case out of the general rule. We do not think the words as here used can be given that effect; this case is the ordinary one of suretyship, and when the cause of action against the principal become barred by virtue of the statute of limitations the cause of action against the guarantor also became barred.
Judgment is advised for the defendant.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.