Berkey v. Judd

27 Minn. 475 | Minn. | 1881

Gilfillan, C. J.

In 1865, respondent Berkey commenced an action against George B. Judd and Orange Walker. The cause was referred to and tried by a referee, who, in April, 1871, filed his report directing judgment for the plaintiff and against the defendants for $10,032.10. The defendants made a motion for a new trial, which was denied. From the order denying it an appeal was taken to this court, where the order was affirmed. The cause was remanded to the district court, and judgment there entered upon the report January 7, 1876. After the report, and before the appeal, Judd died, leaving the appellants executors of his will. Commissioners to audit claims against the estate were duly appointed, who duly considered and adjusted all claims presented to them, and filed their report February, 1873, which was accepted. The claim here involved was not presented to them. The executors were not substituted as parties defendant in place of Judd. In January, 1876, a certified transcript of the judgment was filed in the probate court. Walker paid one-half of the judgment, and it was released as to him. There was sufficient property of the estate, after all other claims against it were paid, to pay this claim. In July, 1876, the respondent filed his petition, setting forth the foregoing facts, in the probate court, and asking an order that the executors pay the amount of the judgment remaining after the release as to Walker. That court denied the application, and this respondent took an appeal to the district court, where the decision of the probate court was, in effect, reversed, and the executors ordered to pay the claim. The executors appeal to this court. This respondent also commenced an action against the executors in the district court, the complaint setting forth the facts. To the complaint a demurrer was interposed, and overruled by the court below. From the order overruling it an appeal is brought to this court.

The claim of the respondent was not, under the statute, the proper subject of an action against the executors. The demurrer to the complaint against them ought, therefore, to have been sustained. The question on the other appeal is, ought the claim to have been presented to, and passed on by, the commissioners? If it ought, it is barred because not so presented. The case is that of an action pending at the death of the defendant. We find in the statute two provisions in respect to such actions, (Gen. St. 1878, c. 53, § 16 :) “All actions which are pending against a deceased person at the time of his death may, if the cause of action survives, be prosecuted to final judgment; and the executor or administrator may be admitted to defend the same; and, if judgment is rendered against the executor or administrator, the court rendering it shall certify the same to the probate court, and the amount thereof shall be paid in the same manner as other claims duly allowed against the estate.” This applies to the action in whatever stage, whether before or after trial, the defendant dies. It is evident that, so far as controlled by this section, the executor or administrator ought — except, perhaps, where nothing remains to be done in the action but the merely clerical act of entering the decision of the court already made — to be substituted in place of the deceased. But, if not done, the subsequent proceedings and judgment, although voidable, would not be void. Stocking v. Hanson, 22 Minn. 542.

Gen. St. 1878, c. 66, § 274, reads: “If a party dies after verdict or decision upon an issue of fact, and before judgment, the court may nevertheless render judgment thereon. Such judgment is not a lien on the real property of the deceased party, but is payable in the course of administration on his estate.” This means that the judgment may be entered in such case without making the executor .or administrator a party. When entered, it fixes the liability of the estate to pay it “in the course of administration.” To make it “payable,” no other court need pass upon it. The whole jurisdiction to determine the liability is retained in the court which has the action. It is necessarily so, unless the death of the party is to operate to vacate the verdict or decision upon the issue of fact, or to take away the unsuccessful parties’ right to complain of it. That verdict or decision, could not be presented to the commissioners as a claim against the estate, for they could not determine whether it. was erroneous or not — whether it ought to be set aside or to. stand; they could not review the trial. Nor can it be intended that the judgment so entered, in order to be payable out of th§ estate, must be presented to and passed on by the commissioners, for it may not be entered till long after they are discharged. It is clear to us that, in a case within section 274, a claim of which, at the time of the decease, another court has jurisdiction, may be passed on by that court, and need not be presented to the commissioners. That the section does not, like section 16 of chapter 53, provide for certifying the judgment to the probate court, is of little importance. When a judgment in another court, conclusive against the estate, has been rendered, there can be no difficulty in bringing it to the knowledge of the probate court, so that it may order it paid. Without any statute on the subject, a certified or authenticated copy of the judgment filed in the probate court is sufficient.

The order or judgment of the district court, directing the executors to pay the judgment, is affirmed. The order overruling the demurrer is reversed.