— The question presented is one of statutory construction — whether the Iowa Motor Yehicle Department (herein called “the department”) may legally revoke an operator’s license bеcause of his conviction upon three charges of violating speed restrictions fixed by city ordinance committed within a period of twelve months.
In this certiorari action instituted by the operatоr under rules 306 to 319, Buies of Civil Procedure, the trial court held the department was without such power to revoke and sustained the writ. The department has appealed. We affirm the decision.
A sufficient statement of the facts, which are undisputed, is that plaintiff-appellee was convicted upon three charges of speed restrictions fixed by city ordinance committed within a period of twelve mоnths and the department revoked his operator’s license because of such convictions.
We set out the pertinent state statutes. Section 321.209, Code, 1958, provides:
“Mandatory revocation. The department shall forthwith revoke the license of any operator or chauffeur * * * upon receiving a record of such operator’s or chauffeur’s conviction of any of the following оffenses * * *: * * *
“7. Conviction * * * upon three charges of any speed restriction violation under the provisions of sections 321.285 to 321.287, inclusive, committed within a period of twelve months.”
Code section 321.285 states:
“Speed restrictions. Any person driving a motor vehicle on a highway shall drive the same at a careful and prudent sрeed not greater than nor less than is reasonable and proper, * * * and no person shall drive * * * at a speed greater than will permit him to bring it to a stop within the assured clear distance ahead, * * *.
*226 “The following shall be the lawful speed except as herein-before or hereinafter modified, and any speed in excess thereof shall be unlawful:
“1. Twenty miles per hour in any business district.
“2. Twenty-five miles per hour in any residence or school district.” (Emphasis added.)
Subsections 3 to 8 of 321.285 fix maximum speeds in other districts or under other circumstances or conditions. Section 321.286, included in the statutes referred to in 321.209, supra, fixes speed limits for trucks. Section 321.287, also referred to in 321.209, fixes speed limits for buses. Neither 321.286 nor 321.287 has any direct application to this controversy.
I. The department and its head, the Commissioner of Public Safety, have only such powers as are expressly, or by necessary and fair implication, conferred upon them by the legislature. Chicago, B. & Q. R. Co. v. Iowa State Commerce Commission,
II. The department’s principal contention is that municipal speed restriction ordinances are incorporated by reference into section 321.285, supra, by the language thereof we have italicized and are thеreby included within the terms of section 321.209(7), also supra, which require revocation of an operator’s license.
It is argued sections 321.235 and 321.293 are included by reference in the exception to 321.285. Seсtion 321.235 provides, “Local authorities may, however, adopt additional traffic regulations which are not in conflict with the provisions of this chapter.” And 321.293 provides local authorities may authorize by оrdinance higher speeds than those stated in 321.285 upon through highways or highways where stop signs have been erected at the entrances thereto.
We may assume, without so deciding, that the language in 321.285, “excеpt as hereinbefore or hereinafter modified,” in- *227 eludes a reference to these provisions of 321.235 and 321.293. The effect of such a reference is merely a recognition by the legislature of thе power of local authorities to adopt certain speed restrictions.
We think the quoted language of 321.285 falls considerably short of incorporating therein by reference any speed rеstriction ordinance which may be passed by a city or town pursuant to the authority of 321.235 or 321.293. Nor may it fairly be held that convictions under such an ordinance are convictions of “violation under the prоvisions of section(s) 321.285” within the terms of 321.209(7), supra. They are convictions under an ordinance, not under 321.285. And 321.209(7) confers no authority upon the department to revoke a license for violations of an ordinanсe.
If the legislature intended to direct the department to revoke an operator’s license for violations of speed restrictions contained in a city ordinance we must presume it would have so stated. Courts may not, under the guise of construction, extend, enlarge or otherwise change the terms of a statute. Wall v. County Board of Education,
Rule 344(f), paragraph 13, Rules of Civil Procedure, adopted September 17, 1962, is applicable here: “In construing statutes the courts search for the legislative intent as shown by what the legislature said, rather than what it should or might have said.”
We observe the ground for mаndatory revocation of an operator’s license which immediately precedes subsection 7, supra, is: “6. Conviction * * * upon two charges of reckless driving.” It is to be noticed subsection 6 does nоt add “under section 321.283”, the state statute which defines the offense of reckless driving. There appears to be a clear distinction between subsections 6 and 7 on the point at issue. The former is fairly oрen to the construction that two convictions of reckless driving, whether under 321.283 or a valid city ordinance, afford cause for revocation. But subsection 7 limits the cause for revocation there set out to convictions of speed violations “under the pro *228 visions of sections 321.285 to 321.287.” In effect the department would have us read out of 321.209(7) the language just quoted.
III. The department argues that the statutory provisions quoted at the outset hereof are remedial and should be liberally construed. If this be conceded for present purposes it does not aid the department in this controversy. There are bounds beyond which the doctrine of liberal construction of statutes may not lead us. It is subject to the principle that all rules of statutory construction are merely for the purpose of ascеrtaining legislative intent. It does not authorize us to change the reasonable meaning of the language of the statute. Iowa Employment Security Comm. v. Marshall County,
If sections 321.209(7) and 321.285 were ambiguous on the point here in dispute, rules of statutory construction other than that of liberal construction, if the latter is aрplicable, should not be ignored. For example, in considering the department’s contention that municipal speed ordinances are incorporated by reference into 321.285 by the language thereof, we should take note of the rule that the legislature cannot be deemed to have incorporated into a statute another law unless the language employed is such as to indicate with reasonable certainty that was the legislative intent. See 50 Am. Jur., Statutes, section 36; 82 C. J. S., Statutes, section 68e, pages 120, 121, section 70a, pages 122, 123.
IV. The department also contends that even if section 321.209(7) includes as a basis for license revocation only convictions under state speed restriction statutes, convictions under a city speed ordinance afford sufficient basis for revocation if the operator in fact violated the state statutes although not charged with such violation. It is pointed out, as stated in *229 Division II hereof, that section 321.235 authorizes local authorities to adopt аdditional traffic regulations not in conflict with Code chapter 321. Also that the same conduct may give rise to prosecution and punishment under both statute and ordinance without violation of the constitutiоnal safeguard against double jeopardy. It is further argued that in a sense cities act as agents of the state in exercising powers delegated to them by the legislature.
Authorities are cited in support of these points. We do not disagree with them. But we cannot agree that convictions under a city speed ordinance afford statutory basis for license revocation merely because thе violator might have been charged and convicted under the speed restrictions set out in 321.285. To adopt such a contention would require further departure from the language of 321.209(7) and 321.285 than if we were tо sustain the department’s principal contention, rejected in Division II hereof.
As there pointed out, it is conviction upon three charges of any speed restriction violation under sections 321.285 to 321.287 which affords the statutory basis for mandatory license revocation. The legislature has not empowered the department to revoke a license because an operator might have been charged and convicted under such state statutes but was in fact convicted under a city ordinance.
Although State v. Sonderleiter,
V. There can be little doubt that if the pertinent statutes mean what we hold they do, certiorari is a proper remedy to test the legality of the department’s revocation of plaintiff’s operator’s license. The department does not contend otherwise. As stated at the outset, the facts are undisputed. Since the department revoked plaintiff’s license, purporting to act under section 321.209(7) which confers no such authority under the facts here, it acted illegally, within the meaning of rule 306, Rulеs of Civil Procedure. City of Sioux City v. Civil Service Comm.,
We do not question the department’s good faith in what it did here, nor the propriety of its defending this action. We may add, too, that the record of each of these convictions which the department received does not clearly state it was under an ordinance rather than the state statute. However, this was shown without dispute in the trial court. — Affirmed.