111 Minn. 305 | Minn. | 1910
Appellant company was operating through the village of Barraga, Michigan. The main track passed the east side of the depot upon a slight curve. One switching track commenced on the west side of
The complaint alleges “that for many weeks prior to the date-of the injury to plaintiff’s son a crowd of boys about a dozen in number, including plaintiff’s son, attending said school, were in the habit of going to said depot grounds of defendant, out of school, hours daily, where they, said school boys, including plaintiff’s son, and other boys as well, were allowed, permitted, encouraged and invited by defendant to jump on, grab hold of and ride cars, engines and trains when passing through, stopping and starting at Barraga, and, when switching was being done in said depot grounds, upon the cars, engines and trains doing the same; that among other things said boys were allowed, permitted, encouraged and invited to run switch engines up and down the tracks in said depot grounds, to
There is evidence tending to show that the watchman of the logging engine, which was stationed on one of the side tracks during -the day, permitted several boys to get on the engine, help clean it, aung the bell, and occasionally ride on it when moved up and down vfche tracks. But this engine was used only at night, and it does not ¿¿appear for what purposes it was necessary to move it during the day. It was stationed on one of the logging tracks some distance from the depot yards, and whatever invitation was held out to the boys to assist the watchman in cleaning it, ringing the bell, etc., cannot be (considered as an invitation to them to go upon the depot grounds, and to jump upon or to take hold of or ride upon the cars which were being switched to make up the train on the main track, or to ride upon the train when it left the station.
There is also evidence tending to show that, for a number of months prior to the time of the accident, boys of the village, after school hours, had been in the habit of loitering around the depot grounds, and on two or three occasions had been seen to climb upon tihe top of box cars after a brakeman, and to ride on the cars when-they were being switched out to the main track. Two witnesses testiified to this effect, and one that she had seen two boys set the brakes -on top of one of the cars being switched. Two witnesses testified vfhat they had seen boys on the caboose steps with the brakeman,
We think it must be taken as fairly proven by credible evidence1 that this practice was continuous, almost daily, for a number of months. The plaintiff did not plead, or attempt to show at the trial,, that there was any direct or express permission to any of the boya to ride or get on any of the cars, but contends that it should be implied that an invitation was held out to the boys by not taking some-active steps to stop the practice.
As bearing on this question, it was shown that the boys were ins-such a position, when climbing on the cars when the train started,, that they must have been seen by the conductor, or the brakemem at the rear of the train, or by the engineer or fireman in the engine-On the part of respondent, the members of the train crew all testified that they knew the boys were in the habit of jumping on the cars, and taking rides, and they made every effort they could to keep thenn off; that they never allowed them to ride when they could catch, them at it; and that the boys understood it, and never attempted to get on the cars, except when the trainmen were in a position where-they could not see them to drive them off. None of the boys identified as those in the habit of catching rides were called as witnesses, on the part of the appellant, except her son, George Berg, and,, although he did not testify that the brakemen actually saw him, he-said they were in a position to see him when he caught rides. One-of the witnesses for appellant, Johnson, testified on cross-examination that he saw the brakemen chase the boys off on several occasions,, and several of the boys, identified by George Berg as those he had seen taking rides, were called as witnesses on behalf of the defense,, and all testified that their practice was to grab the ladders after the train started,' and that they were chased off whenever seen. One witness for appellant, Eunice, testified that on one occasion George climbed on top of a stationary freight car, loosened the brake, and
Under the state of facts established by the evidence, was it the duty of respondent railway company to take more active or different measures to break up such practice ? The company was not required to bring its train to a standstill in order to drive the boys off, and, even if that had been done, would it have prevented them from repeating the act when the train started again ? The train was generally a long one, and the crew consisted of a conductor, three brakemen, the engineer, and the fireman, and it would be unreasonable to require the company to employ a greater number of brakemen than necessary for its purposes just to see that boys did not steal rides. True, a number of watchmen might have been employed to patrol the grounds and drive the boys away, or cause .their- arrest for trespassing upon the railroad grounds. But, as we understand the law of Michigan, this was not required.
In this case we have to be guided by the decisions of the supreme court of that state, and are of opinion that that court has settled the questions involved contrary to the views of appellant. The Michigan court has never adopted the rule of this and some other states, known as the rule of the turntable cases, which makes an exception in the case of children who may have been drawn, by curiosity upon the premises of another and injured by exposed machinery.
In Ryan v. Towar, 128 Mich. 463, 87 N. W. 644, 55 L. R. A. 310, 92 Am. St. 481, that court lays down the rule that an invitation or license to cross the premises of another cannot be predicated on the mere fact that no steps were taken to interfere with such practice, and that there is no difference between children and adults which will warrant the inference of an invitation to enter upon the premises of another, and that no exception to the rule exists in favor of children injured by dangerous machinery naturally calculated to attract them to the premises. The rule was applied to a case where a girl thirteen years old, with other children, was in the habit of crossing the land on which a certain building was located without objection on the part of the company, and she was injured while attempting to save a younger sister, who had become caught between
In Trudell v. Grand Trunk, 126 Mich. 73, 85 N. W. 250, 53 L. Ed. 271, that court held that a boy seven years and four months old, playing on the railroad right‘of way, was a trespasser as a matter of law, and that the company was not liable, except when guilty of gross negligence. And further, in the case of Kaumeier v. City, 116 Mich. 306, 74 N. W. 481, 40 L. R. A. 385, 72 Am. St. 525, the court declared that one who in sport attempts to make use of a street car left unguarded upon the track in the public highway is a trespasser, and that the company was not liable to a child injured by falling under its wheels while it was being pushed along the track by her companion, although the company knew that such use was made of the car when left- unguarded. See also Formall v. Standard Oil, 127 Mich. 496, 86 N. W. 946; Peninsular v. City of Grand Rapids, 131 Mich, 571, 92 N. W. 38; Baker v. Flint, 68 Mich. 90, 35 N. W. 836; Clark v. Michigan, 113 Mich. 24, 71 N. W. 327, 67 Am. St. 442.
Appellant has called our attention to a line of cases where the injured children were not trespassers. Those cases are not in point here for that very reason. In O’Leary v. Michigan, 146 Mich. 243, 109 N. W. 434, the plaintiff was a child seven years old, who with other children was playing in the street near his father’s house, and was injured by being caught in a snatch block, or rope and pul
Finding no liability under the law as announced by the supreme court of Michigan, the order appealed from is affirmed.