300 N.W.2d 519 | Mich. Ct. App. | 1980
BERAR ENTERPRISES, INC
v.
HARMON
Michigan Court of Appeals.
Dennis C. Drury, for plaintiff.
Dobson & Griffin, P.C. (by R. Drummond Black), for defendant Blaney Park, Inc.
Before: ALLEN, P.J., and V.J. BRENNAN and MacKENZIE, JJ.
MacKENZIE, J.
Blaney Park, Inc. appeals as of right from a judgment entered in Livingston County Circuit Court on September 25, 1978, in supplementary proceedings brought pursuant to MCL 600.6101 et seq.; MSA 27A.6101 et seq., ordering Blaney Park, Inc. to pay to Berar Enterprises, Inc. the full amount of a judgment rendered against Intermar at the principal trial in the amount of $576,124.76 plus statutory interest at the rate of six per cent per annum from June 23, 1971.
The issue herein is whether plaintiff Berar, a third-party defendant in an earlier action in Schoolcraft County resolved by the entry of a consent judgment without plaintiff's consent but with plaintiff's knowledge, may thereafter bring the instant action in another circuit to have the portions of the consent judgment which provide for conveyance of real estate set aside as a fraudulent conveyance.
In April of 1968, Stewart and Elsie Earle were the fee owners of the bulk of property called Blaney Park, a vacation resort located in Schoolcraft County in the Upper Peninsula. On April 5, 1968, the Earles leased 13,552 acres of the property to Intermar of Michgian, a land development partnership comprised of defendants Harmon and Schott. The Earles also gave Intermar an option to purchase the property on specific terms during the term of the lease until January, 1971. Intermar *221 intended to develop the property, along with 3,000 acres of Blaney Park it already owned, into a vacation resort.
In November, 1968, Intermar entered into a contract with Berar, a real estate brokerage firm, giving Berar the exclusive right to sell lots in Blaney Park for a 50 per cent commission totalling $1.5 million. Intermar and Berar agreed that the 3,000 acres owned by the developer would be divided into 300 lots of 10 acres each and sold to individual purchasers for $10,000 cash or on land contract. When the entire 300 parcels were sold, Intermar would convey, in addition, the remaining 13,552 acres of Blaney Park to a corporation formed by the titleholders of the parcels to be used in common. Under the agreement, in the event of a cash sale, Berar was to receive its commission outright; otherwise, Berar would retain the cash downpayments and collect the balance of its commission by transmittal from Intermar of not less than 35 per cent of the payments received from the land contract vendees until Berar was paid in full.
By August, 1969, all 300 parcels in Blaney Park had been sold. The deeds or land contracts to purchasers provided that Intermar would convey the remaining 13,552 acres to the property owner's association when all of the parcels had been sold for cash, or on land contracts paid in full, or when Intermar had received payments totalling $3 million, whichever came first. By January, 1971, Blaney Park, Inc., the property owner's association, had been formed and had taken over management of the resort.
Meanwhile, Intermar began experiencing financial difficulties in paying Berar its commission, partly because certain land contract vendees had *222 fallen behind in their payments. Intermar and Berar negotiated a supplemental agreement, but soon Intermar could not meet its obligations under the new agreement. After several months of erratic payments, Berar received no further commission payments from Intermar. Berar had received $907,278 of its expected commission, leaving a delinquency of $592,722.
By July, 1971, Intermar had received $1,276,834.50 in cash payments from purchasers on the land contracts, leaving a balance due of $1,723,165.50. Intermar was unable to exercise its option to purchase the 13,552 acres from the Earles because of its financial difficulties and cash flow problems. The Earles refused to accept several alternate payment plans proposed by Intermar, insisting on a cash purchase in accord with the terms of the original agreement.
On December 31, 1970, Intermar brought an action against the Earles in Schoolcraft County Circuit Court, asking the court to declare the purchase terms and grant specific performance of the lease-option agreement. The Earles counter-claimed for removal of the cloud on their title to the 13,552 acres and for $921,826 which Intermar owed on the lease.
Blaney Park, Inc., intervening in the Schoolcraft action, demanded assurances from Intermar that it would receive title to the additional acreage. The property owner's association also filed a third-party claim against Intermar, Berar Enterprises, and Berar's principals, seeking to be subrogated to the rights of Intermar against the Earles and requesting damages for breach of contract and fraud against Intermar and Berar for misrepresenting to the purchasers that Intermar owned all of the resort at the time the lots were sold.
*223 Simultaneously with the filing of the third-party complaint, the land contract vendees began paying their installments, totalling $30,000 per month, into an escrow account at the First National Bank of Manistique. Intermar, thereafter, received no further payments on the land contracts with the exception of two or three deposited in the Brighton State Bank. As a result, Intermar cross-claimed against Blaney Park, Inc. in the Schoolcraft suit for tortious interference with a contractual relationship.
On June 22, 1971, Berar sued Intermar in Livingston County Circuit Court for the balance due on its commission for selling Blaney Park lots, approximating $627,000. There is no indication in the record that Berar or Intermar ever informed Circuit Judge William F. Hood, presiding in the Schoolcraft action, or the other parties to that action, of the Livingston County suit. At this time, Intermar discovered that it could not float a mortgage on its land contract receivables, since the land contracts carried only a seven per cent interest rate, making them an unattractive investment for mortgage brokers during a period when the interest rate soared to ten per cent.
On September 15, 1972, two weeks before the case was scheduled for trial, a consent judgment was entered in the Schoolcraft action signed by all parties except Berar. Berar's counsel informed the court that his objection to the entry of the consent judgment was premised on Blaney Park's refusal to include Berar in the settlement and to dismiss its damage claim against Berar.[1]
*224
*225 The consent judgment provided that title to the 13,552 acres in Blaney Park be quieted in the Earles, who were to transfer the acreage to Blaney Park, Inc. upon satisfactory performance by the latter of a new land contract with the Earles. The consent judgment also cancelled Intermar's interest in the 3,000 acres it owned in Blaney Park and transferred ownership of the land and any interest of Intermar in the land contracts thereon to Blaney Park, Inc. All land around Blaney Park owned by Intermar, its individual partners, or their wives was transferred to Blaney Park, Inc. Under the consent judgment, Blaney Park, Inc. was to assume certain debts of Intermar, including obligations for improvements to the resort and debts of $33,735.20 to certain specified creditors, not including Berar.
All claims among all parties to the Schoolcraft suit, except Berar, were dismissed with prejudice. Blaney Park, Inc.'s fraud action against Berar in Schoolcraft County was later dismissed for no progress on January 14, 1977.
At the time the property transfer was made from Intermar to Blaney Park, Inc. under the consent judgment, Intermar owed Blaney Park, Inc. $116,319.28 of the $300,000 pledged for maintenance. According to Intermar's books, it was solvent prior to the property transfer, which rendered it insolvent.
Blaney Park, Inc. entered into a land contract with the Earles to purchase the 13,552 acres for $1.3 million, but defaulted, and a judgment of foreclosure was entered on June 7, 1978.
On March 26, 1975, Berar obtained a judgment *226 of $576,124.76 against Intermar in the Livingston County suit following a bench trial.[2] This judgment, representing the difference between commissions paid and commissions owed, was never satisfied.[3] On March 1, 1977, Berar filed a complaint in Livingston County for supplementary proceedings under MCL 600.6101 et seq.; MSA 27A.6101 et seq., in which Blaney Park, Inc. was joined as a third-party defendant. Following a jury trial and verdict that Blaney Park, Inc. was liable to Berar for the full amount of the judgment, Blaney Park, Inc. brings this appeal as of right.
Initially, Blaney Park, Inc. argues that the Schoolcraft consent judgment is res judicata, barring the litigation herein. We disagree. The two actions clearly involved different issues. The Schoolcraft action was concerned with the problems of who had title to the 13,552 acres and the alleged fraud perpetrated by Intermar and Berar in misrepresenting that Intermar owned that property. The Livingston action concerned the payment of Berar's commission and enforcement of that judgment. Although both originated from Blaney Park and its problems, since the facts and evidence essential to the maintenance of the two actions were not identical, the doctrine of res judicata is inapplicable. American Mutual Liability *227 Ins Co v Michgian Mutual Liability Co, 64 Mich. App. 315, 324-325; 235 NW2d 769; 91 ALR3d 1159 (1975). Moreover, because Berar refused to sign the consent judgment, it is not clear that the settlement should be res judicata as to Berar. See American Mutual, supra, 324, fn 3.
Secondly, for the reasons stated in American Mutual, supra, 327-329, we are not persuaded that any issues are litigated in a consent judgment such that they should be accorded collateral estoppel effect in a later action. This is particularly true where the party against whom the consent judgment is sought to be enforced did not agree to its entry.
The next issue is whether Circuit Judge Paul R. Mahinske, presiding in the Livingston action, had jurisdiction to entertain a collateral attack on the consent judgment entered in an order dated September 15, 1972, by Judge Hood in Schoolcraft County. Pursuant to the jury's determination in the Livingston action that the property transfer under the earlier consent judgment constituted a fraudulent conveyance under MCL 566.221; MSA 26.971, Judge Mahinske entered an order on September 25, 1978, enjoining Blaney Park, Inc. from transferring the vendor's interest in the land contracts it received under the consent judgment, as well as any other non-exempt property. The order also entered judgment against Blaney Park, Inc. in the amount of $576,124.76.
In essence, Judge Mahinske's order permitted a collateral attack on the consent judgment for fraud. In Michigan, the procedure for attacking a final judgment or order for fraud is delineated in GCR 1963, 528.3, to wit:
"On motion and upon such terms as are just, the *228 court may relieve a party or his legal representative from a final judgment, order or proceeding for the following reasons: * * * (3) fraud (whether heretofore denominated intrinsic or extrinsic), misrepresentation, or other misconduct of an adverse party; * * * The motion shall be made within a reasonable time, and for reasons (1), (2), and (3) not more than 1 year after the judgment order or proceeding was entered or taken. A motion under sub-rule 528.3 does not affect the finality of a judgment or suspend its operation. This rule does not limit the power of the court to entertain an independent action to relieve a party from a judgment, order, or proceeding, or to grant relief to a defendant not actually personally notified as provided in sub-rule 528.2 above, or to set aside a judgment for fraud upon the Court."
Additionally, GCR 1963, 529.2 mandates that a party directly attack a judgment or final order before the judge who made the judgment or order.
"No judgment or order shall be set aside or vacated, and no proceeding under a judgment or order shall be stayed by any circuit judge except the one who made the judgment or order, unless he is absent or unable to act. If the circuit judge who made the judgment or order is absent or unable to act, an order vacating or setting aside the judgment or order or staying proceedings under the judgment or order may be made by any of the other judges of the circuit or any judge assigned to the circuit."
The policy behind GCR 529.2 is that "[i]f a judgment or order is to be set aside, vacated or stayed, it should normally be done only by the judge who made the judgment or order, since he is best qualified to pass upon the matter, and since it would obviously detract from the dignity and stability of judicial action if a dissatisfied litigant could run about seeking to have it upset by other trial judges". 3 Honigman & Hawkins, Michigan *229 Court Rules Annotated (2d ed), p 230. In Wilson v Romeos, 387 Mich. 664, 678; 199 NW2d 208 (1972), the Michigan Supreme Court held that a second judge had no jurisdiction to set aside an order of settlement entered by a previous judge and to try the case.
In the case at bar, Berar clearly failed to make a motion to set aside the consent judgment within the time limitations of the court rule. Nor was there any allegation that Judge Hood was absent or unable to act.
GCR 528 does not preclude an independent equitable action for fraud upon the court beyond the one-year time limit; however, relief is only appropriate in limited circumstances. Prior to the enactment of GCR 528 and 529, a party was permitted to wage a collateral attack on a judgment for extrinsic fraud in the procurement of the judgment. See Fawcett v Atherton, 298 Mich. 362; 299 N.W. 108 (1941).[4] In Kita v Matuszak, 55 Mich. App. 288, 294; 222 NW2d 216 (1974), this Court held that "[t]he fraud warranting equitable interference must be positive, not merely constructive fraud in obtaining the judgment". In Banner v Banner, 45 Mich. App. 148, 154; 206 NW2d 234 (1973), the question of what is meant by a "fraud upon the court" was considered.
A fraud is perpetrated upon a court when some material fact is concealed from that court or when some material misrepresentation is made to that court. DeHaan v DeHaan, 348 Mich. 199 (1957); Baum v Baum [20 Mich. App. 68, 72 (1969)]. In the instant case plaintiff testified on December 2, 1969, as to a possible reconciliation of the parties. The decision not to take additional proofs on the issue of reconciliation was made by the *230 trial court, not by either party. Thus, no fraud was perpetrated upon the court."
Plaintiff herein does not offer a convincing explanation of how entry of the Schoolcraft consent judgment perpetrated a fraud on plaintiff. Although the consent judgment was entered without plaintiff's consent, plaintiff was given the opportunity at that time to state on the record how entry of the consent judgment would have prejudiced plaintiff. Had plaintiff informed Judge Hood of its claim against Intermar for its commission, then pending in Livingston County, in all likelihood, Judge Hood would have rejected the settlement and ordered the parties to go to trial. Even if Judge Hood had approved the settlement, since plaintiff was a party to the action and affected by the order, plaintiff could have brought a direct appeal.
Generally, a party asserting fraud must show reliance upon a fraudulent representation by the defendant. Michael v Jones, 333 Mich. 476; 53 NW2d 342 (1952), Phillips v Smeekens, 50 Mich. App. 693, 697; 213 NW2d 862 (1973), lv den 391 Mich. 818 (1974). One cannot reasonably rely on a representation he knows is false at the time made. Phillips, supra.
Any claim that plaintiff was unaware at that time that the settlement would render Intermar insolvent is unpersuasive. Plaintiff was present when provisions of the settlement, which terminated any property interest of Intermar in Blaney Park, were explained on the record. Moreover, it is evident from the pleadings and the close business relationship between plaintiff and Intermar that plaintiff knew that all of Intermar's assets were tied to Blaney Park. This leads us to the inevitable *231 conclusion that plaintiff chose not to object too strenuously to entry of the settlement because entry of the settlement was to plaintiff's advantage, possibly precluding Blaney Park, Inc.'s action for fraud against plaintiff as well.
We do not believe plaintiff should, in all fairness, be permitted to sit idly by while a consent judgment affecting its rights is entered and later attack it as effectuating a fraudulent conveyance. In order to be entitled to equitable relief, plaintiff must come in with clean hands. Stachnik v Winkel, 394 Mich. 375; 230 NW2d 529 (1975).
Further, we do not believe the property transfer herein constituted a fraudulent conveyance as envisioned by MCL 566.14; MSA 26.884. Intermar did receive adequate consideration for the transfer in being released from its obligation to convey the 13,552 acres of property to Blaney Park. Satisfaction of an existing obligation or antecedent debt constitutes fair consideration. MCL 566.13; MSA 26.883.
In the present case, there is no indication that Intermar gave away more than it received. Although the developer lost whatever interest it had in the Blaney Park project, it had already defaulted on the purchase option for the 13,552 acres of land owned by the Earles. Under the consent judgment, Blaney Park, Inc. was faced with the heavy financial burden of "redeeming" that property pursuant to a land contract for$1.3 million.
Therefore, we hold that Judge Mahinske was without jurisdiction to entertain an action to set aside the consent judgment as a fraudulent conveyance.
Reversed. Case dismissed with costs to defendant Blaney Park, Inc.
NOTES
[1] Berar's counsel stated as follows at the hearing conducted prior to entry of the consent judgment:
"MR. McFARLAND: Yes, your Honor. I feel very strongly about this matter. We have been involved in the preliminary discussions with all of the parties relative to settlement, and I certainly think that settlement is in the best interests of everybody.
"I want to say at this time that my client, Lee Berar, is adamant in his determination that the corporation get what they bargained for, get the property, and my reluctance today to approve the consent judgment is in no way I would not want it to be interpreted in any way as a disapproval by Mr. Berar of the basic terms and provisions of the settlement.
"However, I do feel that if the settlement is fair and it is appropriate that it be entered today without notice to Mr. Berar, without notice that it is to be entered, I would feel that the Court should at least permit me to make a motion to have Mr. Berar as a third party defendant also included in the settlement and have his have the intervening plaintiff's action against him also dismissed with prejudice.
"And I think that the statements made by Mr. Barense to the Court just now would clearly indicate that there would be no basis for continuing the litigation as to Mr. Berar under these circumstances if in fact it is to be dismissed with prejudice against Intermar, and if the Court would entertain such a motion and if the parties perhaps the parties might well give some consideration to that at this time, and if that were the case that the litigation could be dismissed with prejudice as to Mr. Berar also, I would approve the entry of the order today the consent judgment today. * * *
"MR. McFARLAND: Well, I fail to find in the pleadings any privity between Blaney Park and Berar. The corporation was not in existence at the time Mr. Berar undertook to sell the Blaney Park project, and it seems to me that Mr. Barense's position is somewhat inconsistent.
"He said he feels the corporation has the right to act on behalf of the participants, and he admits that the only relief that he asked for was on behalf of the corporation to have the damages established or else to have the property conveyed. He has accomplished that purpose on behalf of the corporation, and I think really indirectly on behalf of the participants, and it seems to me that the basic allegations of misrepresentation, which is the basis for his complaint, those allegations are certainly directed at Intermar as the principal, and to Mr. Berar as the agent of Intermar, and it seems grossly unjust that the corporation would be able to come in now and to split their threats and their allegations and try to force the parties to settle separately, and I as the court well knows, I am very much opposed to a settlement in which Mr. Berar's interests in the whole matter are not taken into consideration and he is given an adequate opportunity to protect his interests in the Blaney Park project; just as I said, to protect his reputation and his business integrity by defending this lawsuit, in this particular lawsuit, and under those circumstances I would vigorously oppose the entry of this consent judgment today.
"I don't feel there has been appropriate notice, and I don't believe that the case this matter can be disposed of without appropriate notice and a hearing at least by all the parties litigant. I would agree that with the proper notice and hearing in the matter, and proper pleadings being filed, that the Court undoubtedly has the right to enter a consent judgment as between some of the parties litigant, but I don't believe it can be done or should be done without adequate notice or proper pleadings unless I am in a position to consent to that today, and I am not.
"I object under the conditions that I have laid down just now."
[2] Affirmed in an unpublished memorandum opinion, Berar Enterprises, Inc v Gerald R Harmon, (Docket No. 25322, released July 23, 1976).
[3] On December 15, 1975, pursuant to Berar's motion for entry of judgment against three banks, judgment was entered ordering the Brighton State Bank to release to Berar the land contracts and funds it held of $279.52. The file does not indicate that McPherson State Bank ever disclosed whether it had any of Intermar's land contracts or that Berar moved for judgment based on a writ of garnishment against it. The First National Bank in Howell was adjudged liable to Berar for the full amount of the judgment of $576,124.76 for releasing land contracts to Blaney Park, Inc. However, that judgment was reversed in Berar Enterprises, Inc v Harmon, 93 Mich. App. 1; 285 NW2d 774 (1979).
[4] Seemingly, GCR 529 limits the action to a direct attack on the judgment.
